Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning

Organophosphorus compounds are one of the important insecticides and pesticides that have been used in chemical warfare as nerve agents. They are a major global clinical problem, with thousands of deaths occurring every year. Organophosphorus compounds inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity cause to...

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Autores principales:	M Rafati Rahimzadeh, AA Moghadamnia
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN FA
Publicado:	Babol University of Medical Sciences 2010
Materias:	organophosphorus compounds insecticides pesticides nerve agents acetylcholinesterase decontamination atropine sulfate oximes Medicine R Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d571a8e67bc249a59ec87592908aa842
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d571a8e67bc249a59ec87592908aa8422021-11-10T09:00:14ZOrganophosphorus Compounds Poisoning1561-41072251-7170https://doaj.org/article/d571a8e67bc249a59ec87592908aa8422010-04-01T00:00:00Zhttp://jbums.org/article-1-3415-en.htmlhttps://doaj.org/toc/1561-4107https://doaj.org/toc/2251-7170Organophosphorus compounds are one of the important insecticides and pesticides that have been used in chemical warfare as nerve agents. They are a major global clinical problem, with thousands of deaths occurring every year. Organophosphorus compounds inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity cause to the accumulation of acetylcholine at many synapses in the brain and different parts of neuromuscular junctions. In the cases of intoxication to organophosphours poisons four clinical syndromes have been described cholinergic crisis, intermediate syndrome, delayed neuropathy and chronic organophosphate inducted neuropsychiatric disorder. Whichever stages has special signs and symptoms.The determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity in whole blood and plasma, is a rapid, convenient and benefit screening method of poisoning due to organophosphorus compounds but without high sensitivity and specificity, also assess their degradation products in plasma and urine will be feasible but is expensive and is limited to specialized laboratories.The conventional and standard management of poisoned patients include supportive care, detoxification and treatment with antidote atropine sulfate alone or with an oxime. Some of other drugs have been suggested for treatment, e.g. glycopyrrolate, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate which may in some cases necessary. But still there are many unanswered questions and controversies in the management of organophosphorus poisoning. Patients with moderate to severe intoxication who receive first aid and emergency medical treatment may survive. However, the presence of either a cardiac arrhythmia or respiratory failure is associated with a poor prognosis. Finally, to reduce mortality rate, early diagnosis, precise monitoring and selection appropriate treatments are useful. This article presents a review of poisoning with organophosphorus compounds.M Rafati Rahimzadeh,AA MoghadamniaBabol University of Medical Sciencesarticleorganophosphorus compoundsinsecticidespesticidesnerve agentsacetylcholinesterasedecontaminationatropine sulfateoximesMedicineRMedicine (General)R5-920ENFAMajallah-i Dānishgāh-i ̒Ulūm-i Pizishkī-i Bābul, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 71-85 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN FA
topic	organophosphorus compounds insecticides pesticides nerve agents acetylcholinesterase decontamination atropine sulfate oximes Medicine R Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	organophosphorus compounds insecticides pesticides nerve agents acetylcholinesterase decontamination atropine sulfate oximes Medicine R Medicine (General) R5-920 M Rafati Rahimzadeh, AA Moghadamnia Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning
description	Organophosphorus compounds are one of the important insecticides and pesticides that have been used in chemical warfare as nerve agents. They are a major global clinical problem, with thousands of deaths occurring every year. Organophosphorus compounds inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity cause to the accumulation of acetylcholine at many synapses in the brain and different parts of neuromuscular junctions. In the cases of intoxication to organophosphours poisons four clinical syndromes have been described cholinergic crisis, intermediate syndrome, delayed neuropathy and chronic organophosphate inducted neuropsychiatric disorder. Whichever stages has special signs and symptoms.The determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity in whole blood and plasma, is a rapid, convenient and benefit screening method of poisoning due to organophosphorus compounds but without high sensitivity and specificity, also assess their degradation products in plasma and urine will be feasible but is expensive and is limited to specialized laboratories.The conventional and standard management of poisoned patients include supportive care, detoxification and treatment with antidote atropine sulfate alone or with an oxime. Some of other drugs have been suggested for treatment, e.g. glycopyrrolate, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate which may in some cases necessary. But still there are many unanswered questions and controversies in the management of organophosphorus poisoning. Patients with moderate to severe intoxication who receive first aid and emergency medical treatment may survive. However, the presence of either a cardiac arrhythmia or respiratory failure is associated with a poor prognosis. Finally, to reduce mortality rate, early diagnosis, precise monitoring and selection appropriate treatments are useful. This article presents a review of poisoning with organophosphorus compounds.
format	article
author	M Rafati Rahimzadeh, AA Moghadamnia
author_facet	M Rafati Rahimzadeh, AA Moghadamnia
author_sort	M Rafati Rahimzadeh,
title	Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning
title_short	Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning
title_full	Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning
title_fullStr	Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning
title_full_unstemmed	Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning
title_sort	organophosphorus compounds poisoning
publisher	Babol University of Medical Sciences
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/d571a8e67bc249a59ec87592908aa842
work_keys_str_mv	AT mrafatirahimzadeh organophosphoruscompoundspoisoning AT aamoghadamnia organophosphoruscompoundspoisoning
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Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning

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