Do the Volume-of-Fluid and the Two-Phase Euler Compete for Modeling a Spillway Aerator?

Spillway design is key to the effective and safe operation of dams. Typically, the flow is characterized by high velocity, high levels of turbulence, and aeration. In the last two decades, advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) made available several numerical tools to aid hydraulic structur...

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Autores principales:	Lourenço Sassetti Mendes, Javier L. Lara, Maria Teresa Viseu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	spillway aerator aeration CFD two-phase Euler volume-of-fluid hydraulic structures Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d59334cb7f9f4ec08562c5d4118b65c5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d59334cb7f9f4ec08562c5d4118b65c52021-11-11T19:56:59ZDo the Volume-of-Fluid and the Two-Phase Euler Compete for Modeling a Spillway Aerator?10.3390/w132130922073-4441https://doaj.org/article/d59334cb7f9f4ec08562c5d4118b65c52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3092https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Spillway design is key to the effective and safe operation of dams. Typically, the flow is characterized by high velocity, high levels of turbulence, and aeration. In the last two decades, advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) made available several numerical tools to aid hydraulic structures engineers. The most frequent approach is to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using an Euler type model combined with the <i>volume-of-fluid</i> (<i>VoF</i>) method. Regardless of a few applications, the <i>complete two-phase Euler</i> is still considered to demand exorbitant computational resources. An assessment is performed in a spillway offset aerator, comparing the <i>two-phase volume-of-fluid</i> (<i>TPVoF</i>) with the <i>complete two-phase Euler</i> (<i>CTPE</i>). Both models are included in the OpenFOAM<sup>®</sup> toolbox. As expected, the <i>TPVoF</i> results depend highly on the mesh, not showing convergence in the maximum chute bottom pressure and the lower-nappe aeration, tending to null aeration as resolution increases. The <i>CTPE</i> combined with the <i>k</i>–<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ω</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> <i>SST Sato</i> turbulence model exhibits the most accurate results and mesh convergence in the lower-nappe aeration. Surprisingly, intermediate mesh resolutions are sufficient to surpass the <i>TPVoF</i> performance with reasonable calculation efforts. Moreover, compressibility, flow bulking, and several entrained air effects in the flow are comprehended. Despite not reproducing all aspects of the flow with acceptable accuracy, the <i>complete two-phase Euler</i> demonstrated an efficient cost-benefit performance and high value in spillway aerated flows. Nonetheless, further developments are expected to enhance the efficiency and stability of this model.Lourenço Sassetti MendesJavier L. LaraMaria Teresa ViseuMDPI AGarticlespillway aeratoraerationCFDtwo-phase Eulervolume-of-fluidhydraulic structuresHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3092, p 3092 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	spillway aerator aeration CFD two-phase Euler volume-of-fluid hydraulic structures Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	spillway aerator aeration CFD two-phase Euler volume-of-fluid hydraulic structures Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Lourenço Sassetti Mendes Javier L. Lara Maria Teresa Viseu Do the Volume-of-Fluid and the Two-Phase Euler Compete for Modeling a Spillway Aerator?
description	Spillway design is key to the effective and safe operation of dams. Typically, the flow is characterized by high velocity, high levels of turbulence, and aeration. In the last two decades, advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) made available several numerical tools to aid hydraulic structures engineers. The most frequent approach is to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using an Euler type model combined with the <i>volume-of-fluid</i> (<i>VoF</i>) method. Regardless of a few applications, the <i>complete two-phase Euler</i> is still considered to demand exorbitant computational resources. An assessment is performed in a spillway offset aerator, comparing the <i>two-phase volume-of-fluid</i> (<i>TPVoF</i>) with the <i>complete two-phase Euler</i> (<i>CTPE</i>). Both models are included in the OpenFOAM<sup>®</sup> toolbox. As expected, the <i>TPVoF</i> results depend highly on the mesh, not showing convergence in the maximum chute bottom pressure and the lower-nappe aeration, tending to null aeration as resolution increases. The <i>CTPE</i> combined with the <i>k</i>–<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ω</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> <i>SST Sato</i> turbulence model exhibits the most accurate results and mesh convergence in the lower-nappe aeration. Surprisingly, intermediate mesh resolutions are sufficient to surpass the <i>TPVoF</i> performance with reasonable calculation efforts. Moreover, compressibility, flow bulking, and several entrained air effects in the flow are comprehended. Despite not reproducing all aspects of the flow with acceptable accuracy, the <i>complete two-phase Euler</i> demonstrated an efficient cost-benefit performance and high value in spillway aerated flows. Nonetheless, further developments are expected to enhance the efficiency and stability of this model.
format	article
author	Lourenço Sassetti Mendes Javier L. Lara Maria Teresa Viseu
author_facet	Lourenço Sassetti Mendes Javier L. Lara Maria Teresa Viseu
author_sort	Lourenço Sassetti Mendes
title	Do the Volume-of-Fluid and the Two-Phase Euler Compete for Modeling a Spillway Aerator?
title_short	Do the Volume-of-Fluid and the Two-Phase Euler Compete for Modeling a Spillway Aerator?
title_full	Do the Volume-of-Fluid and the Two-Phase Euler Compete for Modeling a Spillway Aerator?
title_fullStr	Do the Volume-of-Fluid and the Two-Phase Euler Compete for Modeling a Spillway Aerator?
title_full_unstemmed	Do the Volume-of-Fluid and the Two-Phase Euler Compete for Modeling a Spillway Aerator?
title_sort	do the volume-of-fluid and the two-phase euler compete for modeling a spillway aerator?
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d59334cb7f9f4ec08562c5d4118b65c5
work_keys_str_mv	AT lourencosassettimendes dothevolumeoffluidandthetwophaseeulercompeteformodelingaspillwayaerator AT javierllara dothevolumeoffluidandthetwophaseeulercompeteformodelingaspillwayaerator AT mariateresaviseu dothevolumeoffluidandthetwophaseeulercompeteformodelingaspillwayaerator
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Do the Volume-of-Fluid and the Two-Phase Euler Compete for Modeling a Spillway Aerator?

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