Taste of breath: the temporal order of taste and smell synchronized with breathing as a determinant for taste and olfactory integration

Abstract Many studies have reported that subjective taste intensity is enhanced by odors which are congruent, for example a sweet taste and a vanilla odor. Some reports have suggested that subjective taste is more strongly enhanced by retronasal than by orthonasal odors; others have suggested that t...

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Autores principales:	Yuya Kakutani, Takuji Narumi, Tatsu Kobayakawa, Takayuki Kawai, Yuko Kusakabe, Satomi Kunieda, Yuji Wada
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d5a6442bae6243e7988002be86c7f7cf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d5a6442bae6243e7988002be86c7f7cf2021-12-02T11:53:13ZTaste of breath: the temporal order of taste and smell synchronized with breathing as a determinant for taste and olfactory integration10.1038/s41598-017-07285-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d5a6442bae6243e7988002be86c7f7cf2017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07285-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Many studies have reported that subjective taste intensity is enhanced by odors which are congruent, for example a sweet taste and a vanilla odor. Some reports have suggested that subjective taste is more strongly enhanced by retronasal than by orthonasal odors; others have suggested that taste enhancements by both odor routes are identical. Differences between the two routes include the direction of airflow accompanying breath. Thus, it is possible that the order of gustatory and olfactory stimuli when breathing through either route while drinking is a determining factor for taste-odor integration. To reveal the natural relationship between taste intensity enhancement by odors and breath, synchronization of odor stimulation with the breath is necessary. Here, we examined whether the enhancement of a sweet taste is induced by a vanilla odor presented in various combinations of odor routes, immediately before and immediately after drinking. The results showed that a retronasal odor after drinking enhanced taste, but an orthonasal odor before drinking did not. The retronasal odor before drinking and the orthonasal odor after drinking did not enhance the sweet taste. These results show that congruency with the natural order of stimulus and kinetic sensation is a determining factor for odor-induced taste enhancement.Yuya KakutaniTakuji NarumiTatsu KobayakawaTakayuki KawaiYuko KusakabeSatomi KuniedaYuji WadaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Yuya Kakutani Takuji Narumi Tatsu Kobayakawa Takayuki Kawai Yuko Kusakabe Satomi Kunieda Yuji Wada Taste of breath: the temporal order of taste and smell synchronized with breathing as a determinant for taste and olfactory integration
description	Abstract Many studies have reported that subjective taste intensity is enhanced by odors which are congruent, for example a sweet taste and a vanilla odor. Some reports have suggested that subjective taste is more strongly enhanced by retronasal than by orthonasal odors; others have suggested that taste enhancements by both odor routes are identical. Differences between the two routes include the direction of airflow accompanying breath. Thus, it is possible that the order of gustatory and olfactory stimuli when breathing through either route while drinking is a determining factor for taste-odor integration. To reveal the natural relationship between taste intensity enhancement by odors and breath, synchronization of odor stimulation with the breath is necessary. Here, we examined whether the enhancement of a sweet taste is induced by a vanilla odor presented in various combinations of odor routes, immediately before and immediately after drinking. The results showed that a retronasal odor after drinking enhanced taste, but an orthonasal odor before drinking did not. The retronasal odor before drinking and the orthonasal odor after drinking did not enhance the sweet taste. These results show that congruency with the natural order of stimulus and kinetic sensation is a determining factor for odor-induced taste enhancement.
format	article
author	Yuya Kakutani Takuji Narumi Tatsu Kobayakawa Takayuki Kawai Yuko Kusakabe Satomi Kunieda Yuji Wada
author_facet	Yuya Kakutani Takuji Narumi Tatsu Kobayakawa Takayuki Kawai Yuko Kusakabe Satomi Kunieda Yuji Wada
author_sort	Yuya Kakutani
title	Taste of breath: the temporal order of taste and smell synchronized with breathing as a determinant for taste and olfactory integration
title_short	Taste of breath: the temporal order of taste and smell synchronized with breathing as a determinant for taste and olfactory integration
title_full	Taste of breath: the temporal order of taste and smell synchronized with breathing as a determinant for taste and olfactory integration
title_fullStr	Taste of breath: the temporal order of taste and smell synchronized with breathing as a determinant for taste and olfactory integration
title_full_unstemmed	Taste of breath: the temporal order of taste and smell synchronized with breathing as a determinant for taste and olfactory integration
title_sort	taste of breath: the temporal order of taste and smell synchronized with breathing as a determinant for taste and olfactory integration
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/d5a6442bae6243e7988002be86c7f7cf
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Taste of breath: the temporal order of taste and smell synchronized with breathing as a determinant for taste and olfactory integration

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