Old and New Players of Inflammation and Their Relationship With Cancer Development

Pathogens or genotoxic agents continuously affect the human body. Acute inflammatory reaction induced by a non-sterile or sterile environment is triggered for the efficient elimination of insults that caused the damage. According to the insult, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associat...

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Autores principales:	Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez, Mario Perez-Medina, Dolores Aguilar-Cazares, Miriam Galicia-Velasco, Manuel Meneses-Flores, Lorenzo Islas-Vazquez, Angel Camarena, Jose S. Lopez-Gonzalez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	inflammation chronic inflammation cancer development cancer-related inflammation innate immune response adaptive immune response Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d5bd0b29edf9456593bcd20fd4dff3b1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d5bd0b29edf9456593bcd20fd4dff3b12021-11-22T06:41:09ZOld and New Players of Inflammation and Their Relationship With Cancer Development2234-943X10.3389/fonc.2021.722999https://doaj.org/article/d5bd0b29edf9456593bcd20fd4dff3b12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.722999/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2234-943XPathogens or genotoxic agents continuously affect the human body. Acute inflammatory reaction induced by a non-sterile or sterile environment is triggered for the efficient elimination of insults that caused the damage. According to the insult, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associated molecular patterns, and homeostasis-altering molecular processes are released to facilitate the arrival of tissue resident and circulating cells to the injured zone to promote harmful agent elimination and tissue regeneration. However, when inflammation is maintained, a chronic phenomenon is induced, in which phagocytic cells release toxic molecules damaging the harmful agent and the surrounding healthy tissues, thereby inducing DNA lesions. In this regard, chronic inflammation has been recognized as a risk factor of cancer development by increasing the genomic instability of transformed cells and by creating an environment containing proliferation signals. Based on the cancer immunoediting concept, a rigorous and regulated inflammation process triggers participation of innate and adaptive immune responses for efficient elimination of transformed cells. When immune response does not eliminate all transformed cells, an equilibrium phase is induced. Therefore, excessive inflammation amplifies local damage caused by the continuous arrival of inflammatory/immune cells. To regulate the overstimulation of inflammatory/immune cells, a network of mechanisms that inhibit or block the cell overactivity must be activated. Transformed cells may take advantage of this process to proliferate and gradually grow until they become preponderant over the immune cells, preserving, increasing, or creating a microenvironment to evade the host immune response. In this microenvironment, tumor cells resist the attack of the effector immune cells or instruct them to sustain tumor growth and development until its clinical consequences. With tumor development, evolving, complex, and overlapping microenvironments are arising. Therefore, a deeper knowledge of cytokine, immune, and tumor cell interactions and their role in the intricated process will impact the combination of current or forthcoming therapies.Rodolfo Chavez-DominguezRodolfo Chavez-DominguezMario Perez-MedinaMario Perez-MedinaDolores Aguilar-CazaresMiriam Galicia-VelascoManuel Meneses-FloresLorenzo Islas-VazquezAngel CamarenaJose S. Lopez-GonzalezFrontiers Media S.A.articleinflammationchronic inflammationcancer developmentcancer-related inflammationinnate immune responseadaptive immune responseNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENFrontiers in Oncology, Vol 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	inflammation chronic inflammation cancer development cancer-related inflammation innate immune response adaptive immune response Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	inflammation chronic inflammation cancer development cancer-related inflammation innate immune response adaptive immune response Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez Mario Perez-Medina Mario Perez-Medina Dolores Aguilar-Cazares Miriam Galicia-Velasco Manuel Meneses-Flores Lorenzo Islas-Vazquez Angel Camarena Jose S. Lopez-Gonzalez Old and New Players of Inflammation and Their Relationship With Cancer Development
description	Pathogens or genotoxic agents continuously affect the human body. Acute inflammatory reaction induced by a non-sterile or sterile environment is triggered for the efficient elimination of insults that caused the damage. According to the insult, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associated molecular patterns, and homeostasis-altering molecular processes are released to facilitate the arrival of tissue resident and circulating cells to the injured zone to promote harmful agent elimination and tissue regeneration. However, when inflammation is maintained, a chronic phenomenon is induced, in which phagocytic cells release toxic molecules damaging the harmful agent and the surrounding healthy tissues, thereby inducing DNA lesions. In this regard, chronic inflammation has been recognized as a risk factor of cancer development by increasing the genomic instability of transformed cells and by creating an environment containing proliferation signals. Based on the cancer immunoediting concept, a rigorous and regulated inflammation process triggers participation of innate and adaptive immune responses for efficient elimination of transformed cells. When immune response does not eliminate all transformed cells, an equilibrium phase is induced. Therefore, excessive inflammation amplifies local damage caused by the continuous arrival of inflammatory/immune cells. To regulate the overstimulation of inflammatory/immune cells, a network of mechanisms that inhibit or block the cell overactivity must be activated. Transformed cells may take advantage of this process to proliferate and gradually grow until they become preponderant over the immune cells, preserving, increasing, or creating a microenvironment to evade the host immune response. In this microenvironment, tumor cells resist the attack of the effector immune cells or instruct them to sustain tumor growth and development until its clinical consequences. With tumor development, evolving, complex, and overlapping microenvironments are arising. Therefore, a deeper knowledge of cytokine, immune, and tumor cell interactions and their role in the intricated process will impact the combination of current or forthcoming therapies.
format	article
author	Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez Mario Perez-Medina Mario Perez-Medina Dolores Aguilar-Cazares Miriam Galicia-Velasco Manuel Meneses-Flores Lorenzo Islas-Vazquez Angel Camarena Jose S. Lopez-Gonzalez
author_facet	Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez Mario Perez-Medina Mario Perez-Medina Dolores Aguilar-Cazares Miriam Galicia-Velasco Manuel Meneses-Flores Lorenzo Islas-Vazquez Angel Camarena Jose S. Lopez-Gonzalez
author_sort	Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez
title	Old and New Players of Inflammation and Their Relationship With Cancer Development
title_short	Old and New Players of Inflammation and Their Relationship With Cancer Development
title_full	Old and New Players of Inflammation and Their Relationship With Cancer Development
title_fullStr	Old and New Players of Inflammation and Their Relationship With Cancer Development
title_full_unstemmed	Old and New Players of Inflammation and Their Relationship With Cancer Development
title_sort	old and new players of inflammation and their relationship with cancer development
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d5bd0b29edf9456593bcd20fd4dff3b1
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Old and New Players of Inflammation and Their Relationship With Cancer Development

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