Electroencephalogram alpha asymmetry in patients with depressive disorders: current perspectives

Andreas Kurt Kaiser,1 Maria-Theresa Gnjezda,1 Stephanie Knasmüller,1 Wolfgang Aichhorn2 1Department of Clinical Psychology, Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebs-GesmbH, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; 2Department of Psychiatry, Salzburger Landeskli...

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Autores principales:	Kaiser AK, Gnjezda MT, Knasmüller S, Aichhorn W
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	Alpha Asymmetry Depression Electroencephalogram Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d5cf357fa755449c965c760aac82aa6b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d5cf357fa755449c965c760aac82aa6b2021-12-02T01:38:18ZElectroencephalogram alpha asymmetry in patients with depressive disorders: current perspectives1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/d5cf357fa755449c965c760aac82aa6b2018-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/electroencephalogram-alpha-asymmetry-in-patients-with-depressive-disor-peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Andreas Kurt Kaiser,1 Maria-Theresa Gnjezda,1 Stephanie Knasmüller,1 Wolfgang Aichhorn2 1Department of Clinical Psychology, Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebs-GesmbH, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; 2Department of Psychiatry, Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebs-GesmbH, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria Purpose: Electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha asymmetry (AA) in depressive disorders has been of interest over the last few decades, but it continues to remain unclear whether EEG AA can discriminate between healthy and depressive individuals. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search for papers addressing EEG AA using the keywords alpha asymmetry, depression, and EEG was performed in PubMed. All studies were checked for sample size, gender, handedness, reference, recording protocol, EEG band range, impedance, type of analysis, drugs, and comorbidity. Results: A total of 61 articles were found, of which 44 met our inclusion criteria. They have been consecutively analyzed in respect of methodology and results. Approximately 25% (11/44) of the studies did not mention or ignored handedness, 41% (18/44) of the studies used data with only self-reported handedness, and only 34.1% (15/44) of all studies tested handedness. Only 35% (15/44) of the studies reported pharmacological treatment, and only 35% (15/44) of the studies controlled for medication. A total of 52% (23/44) of the studies reported comorbidity, and only 30% (13/44) of the studies controlled for comorbidity. Only 29.6% (13/44) of the studies reported education. In all, 30.5% (13/44) of the studies analyzed group differences and correlations, while 15.9 (7/44) of the studies used only correlational analyses. A total of 52.3% (23/44) of the studies analyzed only group differences. Alpha range was fixed (8–13 Hz) in 59.1% (26/44) of all studies. Reference to common average was used in seven of 44 studies (15.9%). In all, nine of 44 (20.5%) studies used the midline central position as reference, 22 of 44 (50%) studies used the ear or the mastoid as reference, and four of 44 (9.1%) studies used the nose as reference. Conclusion: Discriminative power of EEG AA for depressed and healthy controls remains unclear. A systematic analysis of 44 studies revealed that differences in methodology and disregarding proper sampling are problematic. Ignoring handedness, gender, age, medication, and comorbidity could explain inconsistent findings. Hence, we formulated a guideline for requirements for future studies on EEG AA in order to allow for better comparisons. Keywords: alpha asymmetry, depression, electroencephalogram, EEG, depressive disorders, reviewKaiser AKGnjezda MTKnasmüller SAichhorn WDove Medical PressarticleAlpha AsymmetryDepressionElectroencephalogramNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 14, Pp 1493-1504 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Alpha Asymmetry Depression Electroencephalogram Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Alpha Asymmetry Depression Electroencephalogram Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Kaiser AK Gnjezda MT Knasmüller S Aichhorn W Electroencephalogram alpha asymmetry in patients with depressive disorders: current perspectives
description	Andreas Kurt Kaiser,1 Maria-Theresa Gnjezda,1 Stephanie Knasmüller,1 Wolfgang Aichhorn2 1Department of Clinical Psychology, Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebs-GesmbH, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; 2Department of Psychiatry, Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebs-GesmbH, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria Purpose: Electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha asymmetry (AA) in depressive disorders has been of interest over the last few decades, but it continues to remain unclear whether EEG AA can discriminate between healthy and depressive individuals. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search for papers addressing EEG AA using the keywords alpha asymmetry, depression, and EEG was performed in PubMed. All studies were checked for sample size, gender, handedness, reference, recording protocol, EEG band range, impedance, type of analysis, drugs, and comorbidity. Results: A total of 61 articles were found, of which 44 met our inclusion criteria. They have been consecutively analyzed in respect of methodology and results. Approximately 25% (11/44) of the studies did not mention or ignored handedness, 41% (18/44) of the studies used data with only self-reported handedness, and only 34.1% (15/44) of all studies tested handedness. Only 35% (15/44) of the studies reported pharmacological treatment, and only 35% (15/44) of the studies controlled for medication. A total of 52% (23/44) of the studies reported comorbidity, and only 30% (13/44) of the studies controlled for comorbidity. Only 29.6% (13/44) of the studies reported education. In all, 30.5% (13/44) of the studies analyzed group differences and correlations, while 15.9 (7/44) of the studies used only correlational analyses. A total of 52.3% (23/44) of the studies analyzed only group differences. Alpha range was fixed (8–13 Hz) in 59.1% (26/44) of all studies. Reference to common average was used in seven of 44 studies (15.9%). In all, nine of 44 (20.5%) studies used the midline central position as reference, 22 of 44 (50%) studies used the ear or the mastoid as reference, and four of 44 (9.1%) studies used the nose as reference. Conclusion: Discriminative power of EEG AA for depressed and healthy controls remains unclear. A systematic analysis of 44 studies revealed that differences in methodology and disregarding proper sampling are problematic. Ignoring handedness, gender, age, medication, and comorbidity could explain inconsistent findings. Hence, we formulated a guideline for requirements for future studies on EEG AA in order to allow for better comparisons. Keywords: alpha asymmetry, depression, electroencephalogram, EEG, depressive disorders, review
format	article
author	Kaiser AK Gnjezda MT Knasmüller S Aichhorn W
author_facet	Kaiser AK Gnjezda MT Knasmüller S Aichhorn W
author_sort	Kaiser AK
title	Electroencephalogram alpha asymmetry in patients with depressive disorders: current perspectives
title_short	Electroencephalogram alpha asymmetry in patients with depressive disorders: current perspectives
title_full	Electroencephalogram alpha asymmetry in patients with depressive disorders: current perspectives
title_fullStr	Electroencephalogram alpha asymmetry in patients with depressive disorders: current perspectives
title_full_unstemmed	Electroencephalogram alpha asymmetry in patients with depressive disorders: current perspectives
title_sort	electroencephalogram alpha asymmetry in patients with depressive disorders: current perspectives
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/d5cf357fa755449c965c760aac82aa6b
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_version_	1718402986921689088

Electroencephalogram alpha asymmetry in patients with depressive disorders: current perspectives

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