The science of “smell” and the noble for “hugs:” making “sense?”

David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian were jointly awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch. It was a phenomenal moment for the scientific community, more for the discovery that forms the basic fabric of our everyday life—ever...

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Autores principales:	Ruby Dhar, Arun Kumar, Subhradip Karmakar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara 2021
Materias:	noble prize 2021 pain touch trpv1 piezo1 2 ion channels Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v12i12.40634 https://doaj.org/article/d61098747b6d4c96a3000e5df01948f9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d61098747b6d4c96a3000e5df01948f92021-12-01T11:01:14ZThe science of “smell” and the noble for “hugs:” making “sense?”https://doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v12i12.406342467-91002091-0576https://doaj.org/article/d61098747b6d4c96a3000e5df01948f92021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.nepjol.info/index.php/AJMS/article/view/40634https://doaj.org/toc/2467-9100https://doaj.org/toc/2091-0576David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian were jointly awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch. It was a phenomenal moment for the scientific community, more for the discovery that forms the basic fabric of our everyday life—ever imagined how life would have been without feeling the aroma around? Or even the dangers of accidentally touching a heated object. Dr Julius and Dr Patapoutian, independently discovered key mechanisms of how living organisms sense heat, cold, and touch. The journey started when Dr Julius, at the University of California, San Francisco, used a key ingredient in hot chili peppers to identify a protein in nerve cells that respond to these stimuli. Using capsaicin, the pungent component of chili peppers, he provided fundamental insights into mechanisms of pain. Then using a meticulous cDNA library-based functional screening from sensory neurons to search for the gene(s) that could confer capsaicin sensitivity, Dr Julius identified for the first time a novel ion channel (now called transient receptor potential [TRP] vanilloid 1) belonging to the family of TRP ion channels associated with the pain sensitivity. A painful exercise indeed! While Prof Julius was exploring the oceans and skies to hunt for sensory pain pathways, quite independently, Dr Patapoutian of Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, California, was searching for a similar thing that seemed to bother him equally. How do we sense touches? After all, there are so many emotions packaged in this small five-letter word, touch. The mother’s touch is the first sensation that every single of us always cherishes. Dr Patapoutian research is centered around finding candidate genes in a mechanosensitive cell line that could respond to mechanical stimuli. After a thorough search, the team identified two mechanically-activated ion channels, PIEZO1 and PIEZO2, representing an entirely novel class of mechanical sensors-based ion channels. What is fascinating is the idea that discovery of the smell and touch receptor stretches far beyond just touch and temperature sensations only. Mutations in other TRP channels are involved in neurodegenerative disorders and skeletal dysplasia, while mutations in PIEZO channels help control critical functions such as respiration and blood pressure regulation. So now, the mysterious world surrounding us looks more transparent and clearer. The molecular landscape is defined with precision. We now have a chemical entity behind all these emotions and intuition. The warm hug that makes our day is now millions of ions crisscrossing the ion channels. There is a different side to this too. How will the world look if everything is defined as a chemical entity? Won’t we lose the charm? After all, so much within the subtleness remains charmful when wrapped within the veil of ignorance. Knowing too much about something steals the show.Ruby Dhar Arun Kumar Subhradip Karmakar Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokharaarticlenoble prize 2021paintouchtrpv1piezo12ion channelsMedicineRENAsian Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 12, Pp 1-2 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	noble prize 2021 pain touch trpv1 piezo1 2 ion channels Medicine R
spellingShingle	noble prize 2021 pain touch trpv1 piezo1 2 ion channels Medicine R Ruby Dhar Arun Kumar Subhradip Karmakar The science of “smell” and the noble for “hugs:” making “sense?”
description	David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian were jointly awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch. It was a phenomenal moment for the scientific community, more for the discovery that forms the basic fabric of our everyday life—ever imagined how life would have been without feeling the aroma around? Or even the dangers of accidentally touching a heated object. Dr Julius and Dr Patapoutian, independently discovered key mechanisms of how living organisms sense heat, cold, and touch. The journey started when Dr Julius, at the University of California, San Francisco, used a key ingredient in hot chili peppers to identify a protein in nerve cells that respond to these stimuli. Using capsaicin, the pungent component of chili peppers, he provided fundamental insights into mechanisms of pain. Then using a meticulous cDNA library-based functional screening from sensory neurons to search for the gene(s) that could confer capsaicin sensitivity, Dr Julius identified for the first time a novel ion channel (now called transient receptor potential [TRP] vanilloid 1) belonging to the family of TRP ion channels associated with the pain sensitivity. A painful exercise indeed! While Prof Julius was exploring the oceans and skies to hunt for sensory pain pathways, quite independently, Dr Patapoutian of Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, California, was searching for a similar thing that seemed to bother him equally. How do we sense touches? After all, there are so many emotions packaged in this small five-letter word, touch. The mother’s touch is the first sensation that every single of us always cherishes. Dr Patapoutian research is centered around finding candidate genes in a mechanosensitive cell line that could respond to mechanical stimuli. After a thorough search, the team identified two mechanically-activated ion channels, PIEZO1 and PIEZO2, representing an entirely novel class of mechanical sensors-based ion channels. What is fascinating is the idea that discovery of the smell and touch receptor stretches far beyond just touch and temperature sensations only. Mutations in other TRP channels are involved in neurodegenerative disorders and skeletal dysplasia, while mutations in PIEZO channels help control critical functions such as respiration and blood pressure regulation. So now, the mysterious world surrounding us looks more transparent and clearer. The molecular landscape is defined with precision. We now have a chemical entity behind all these emotions and intuition. The warm hug that makes our day is now millions of ions crisscrossing the ion channels. There is a different side to this too. How will the world look if everything is defined as a chemical entity? Won’t we lose the charm? After all, so much within the subtleness remains charmful when wrapped within the veil of ignorance. Knowing too much about something steals the show.
format	article
author	Ruby Dhar Arun Kumar Subhradip Karmakar
author_facet	Ruby Dhar Arun Kumar Subhradip Karmakar
author_sort	Ruby Dhar
title	The science of “smell” and the noble for “hugs:” making “sense?”
title_short	The science of “smell” and the noble for “hugs:” making “sense?”
title_full	The science of “smell” and the noble for “hugs:” making “sense?”
title_fullStr	The science of “smell” and the noble for “hugs:” making “sense?”
title_full_unstemmed	The science of “smell” and the noble for “hugs:” making “sense?”
title_sort	science of “smell” and the noble for “hugs:” making “sense?”
publisher	Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara
publishDate	2021
url	https://doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v12i12.40634 https://doaj.org/article/d61098747b6d4c96a3000e5df01948f9
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The science of “smell” and the noble for “hugs:” making “sense?”

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