Functional foregut anatomy of the blue–green sharpshooter illustrated using a 3D model

Abstract Sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) are important vectors of the plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. (Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae). This pathogen causes economically significant diseases in olive, citrus, and grapes on multiple conti...

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Autores principales:	Daniel White, Elaine A. Backus, Ian M. Marcus, Sharon L. Walker, M. Caroline Roper
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d652d70db4e8438b9a896bc7b39b933f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d652d70db4e8438b9a896bc7b39b933f2021-12-02T11:45:03ZFunctional foregut anatomy of the blue–green sharpshooter illustrated using a 3D model10.1038/s41598-021-85954-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d652d70db4e8438b9a896bc7b39b933f2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85954-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) are important vectors of the plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. (Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae). This pathogen causes economically significant diseases in olive, citrus, and grapes on multiple continents. Bacterial acquisition and inoculation mechanisms are linked to X. fastidiosa biofilm formation and fluid dynamics in the functional foregut of sharpshooters, which together result in egestion (expulsion) of fluids likely carrying bacteria. One key X. fastidiosa vector is the blue–green sharpshooter, Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret, 1854). Herein, a 3D model of the blue–green sharpshooter functional foregut is derived from a meta-analysis of published microscopy images. The model is used to illustrate preexisting and newly defined anatomical terminology that is relevant for investigating fluid dynamics in the functional foregut of sharpshooters. The vivid 3D illustrations herein and supplementary interactive 3D figures are suitable resources for multidisciplinary researchers who may be unfamiliar with insect anatomy. The 3D model can also be used in future fluid dynamic simulations to better understand acquisition, retention, and inoculation of X. fastidiosa. Improved understanding of these processes could lead to new targets for preventing diseases caused by X. fastidiosa.Daniel WhiteElaine A. BackusIan M. MarcusSharon L. WalkerM. Caroline RoperNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Daniel White Elaine A. Backus Ian M. Marcus Sharon L. Walker M. Caroline Roper Functional foregut anatomy of the blue–green sharpshooter illustrated using a 3D model
description	Abstract Sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) are important vectors of the plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. (Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae). This pathogen causes economically significant diseases in olive, citrus, and grapes on multiple continents. Bacterial acquisition and inoculation mechanisms are linked to X. fastidiosa biofilm formation and fluid dynamics in the functional foregut of sharpshooters, which together result in egestion (expulsion) of fluids likely carrying bacteria. One key X. fastidiosa vector is the blue–green sharpshooter, Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret, 1854). Herein, a 3D model of the blue–green sharpshooter functional foregut is derived from a meta-analysis of published microscopy images. The model is used to illustrate preexisting and newly defined anatomical terminology that is relevant for investigating fluid dynamics in the functional foregut of sharpshooters. The vivid 3D illustrations herein and supplementary interactive 3D figures are suitable resources for multidisciplinary researchers who may be unfamiliar with insect anatomy. The 3D model can also be used in future fluid dynamic simulations to better understand acquisition, retention, and inoculation of X. fastidiosa. Improved understanding of these processes could lead to new targets for preventing diseases caused by X. fastidiosa.
format	article
author	Daniel White Elaine A. Backus Ian M. Marcus Sharon L. Walker M. Caroline Roper
author_facet	Daniel White Elaine A. Backus Ian M. Marcus Sharon L. Walker M. Caroline Roper
author_sort	Daniel White
title	Functional foregut anatomy of the blue–green sharpshooter illustrated using a 3D model
title_short	Functional foregut anatomy of the blue–green sharpshooter illustrated using a 3D model
title_full	Functional foregut anatomy of the blue–green sharpshooter illustrated using a 3D model
title_fullStr	Functional foregut anatomy of the blue–green sharpshooter illustrated using a 3D model
title_full_unstemmed	Functional foregut anatomy of the blue–green sharpshooter illustrated using a 3D model
title_sort	functional foregut anatomy of the blue–green sharpshooter illustrated using a 3d model
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d652d70db4e8438b9a896bc7b39b933f
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Functional foregut anatomy of the blue–green sharpshooter illustrated using a 3D model

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