Children Crossing Streets: The Cognitive Task of Pedestrians Across Nations

Background: About 100,000 children die worldwide in pedestrian crashes, more than 90% of whom live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, most existing research on children's ability to cross the street is conducted in high-income countries (HICs). Objective: The present study di...

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Autor principal:	David C. Schwebel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2017
Materias:	pedestrian safety injury cognition child development Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d6576d40e9f94c4b977b74cdd294d0fc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d6576d40e9f94c4b977b74cdd294d0fc2021-12-02T05:30:09ZChildren Crossing Streets: The Cognitive Task of Pedestrians Across Nations2214-999610.1016/j.aogh.2017.04.004https://doaj.org/article/d6576d40e9f94c4b977b74cdd294d0fc2017-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/200https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: About 100,000 children die worldwide in pedestrian crashes, more than 90% of whom live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, most existing research on children's ability to cross the street is conducted in high-income countries (HICs). Objective: The present study discusses 4 ways pedestrian behavior in LMICs differs from that in HICs, influencing both children's ability to cross streets safely and adult efforts to train children in pedestrian safety. Findings: First, in many LMICs one cannot simply wait for a traffic gap that is large enough to permit crossing at a typical walking pace. Instead, pedestrians must enter traffic gaps they deem large enough to permit the oncoming driver to stop, slow, or swerve around them. Second, decisions in LMICs must be made very quickly to maximize safety. In many cases, pedestrians must anticipate how oncoming drivers will behave as a crossing is initiated. Third, multilane LMIC crossings sometimes involve separated decisions to cross each lane and then evaluate safety in the middle of the roadway rather than making a single decision to cross the entire span within a safe traffic gap. Last, children's short stature may substantially influence behavior in LMIC settings. When gaps are small and open spaces limited, the ability to see over oncoming vehicles and perceive them approaching, including how spread they are and at what speeds they are traveling, offers a distinct advantage to the taller pedestria. Conclusions: Taken together, it is concluded that safe child pedestrian engagement in LMICs is more complex, and may require more developed cognitive skill, than safe child pedestrian engagement in HICs.David C. SchwebelUbiquity Pressarticlepedestriansafetyinjurycognitionchild developmentInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 83, Iss 2, Pp 328-332 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	pedestrian safety injury cognition child development Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	pedestrian safety injury cognition child development Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 David C. Schwebel Children Crossing Streets: The Cognitive Task of Pedestrians Across Nations
description	Background: About 100,000 children die worldwide in pedestrian crashes, more than 90% of whom live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, most existing research on children's ability to cross the street is conducted in high-income countries (HICs). Objective: The present study discusses 4 ways pedestrian behavior in LMICs differs from that in HICs, influencing both children's ability to cross streets safely and adult efforts to train children in pedestrian safety. Findings: First, in many LMICs one cannot simply wait for a traffic gap that is large enough to permit crossing at a typical walking pace. Instead, pedestrians must enter traffic gaps they deem large enough to permit the oncoming driver to stop, slow, or swerve around them. Second, decisions in LMICs must be made very quickly to maximize safety. In many cases, pedestrians must anticipate how oncoming drivers will behave as a crossing is initiated. Third, multilane LMIC crossings sometimes involve separated decisions to cross each lane and then evaluate safety in the middle of the roadway rather than making a single decision to cross the entire span within a safe traffic gap. Last, children's short stature may substantially influence behavior in LMIC settings. When gaps are small and open spaces limited, the ability to see over oncoming vehicles and perceive them approaching, including how spread they are and at what speeds they are traveling, offers a distinct advantage to the taller pedestria. Conclusions: Taken together, it is concluded that safe child pedestrian engagement in LMICs is more complex, and may require more developed cognitive skill, than safe child pedestrian engagement in HICs.
format	article
author	David C. Schwebel
author_facet	David C. Schwebel
author_sort	David C. Schwebel
title	Children Crossing Streets: The Cognitive Task of Pedestrians Across Nations
title_short	Children Crossing Streets: The Cognitive Task of Pedestrians Across Nations
title_full	Children Crossing Streets: The Cognitive Task of Pedestrians Across Nations
title_fullStr	Children Crossing Streets: The Cognitive Task of Pedestrians Across Nations
title_full_unstemmed	Children Crossing Streets: The Cognitive Task of Pedestrians Across Nations
title_sort	children crossing streets: the cognitive task of pedestrians across nations
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/d6576d40e9f94c4b977b74cdd294d0fc
work_keys_str_mv	AT davidcschwebel childrencrossingstreetsthecognitivetaskofpedestriansacrossnations
_version_	1718400381104422912

Children Crossing Streets: The Cognitive Task of Pedestrians Across Nations

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