Trihelix Transcription Factor <i>ZmThx20</i> Is Required for Kernel Development in Maize
Maize kernels are the harvested portion of the plant and are related to the yield and quality of maize. The endosperm of maize is a large storage organ that constitutes 80–90% of the dry weight of mature kernels. Maize kernels have long been the study of cereal grain development to increase yield. I...
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oai:doaj.org-article:d6594db0a8a3405eb035038fa0baff672021-11-25T17:53:43ZTrihelix Transcription Factor <i>ZmThx20</i> Is Required for Kernel Development in Maize10.3390/ijms2222121371422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/d6594db0a8a3405eb035038fa0baff672021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12137https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Maize kernels are the harvested portion of the plant and are related to the yield and quality of maize. The endosperm of maize is a large storage organ that constitutes 80–90% of the dry weight of mature kernels. Maize kernels have long been the study of cereal grain development to increase yield. In this study, a natural mutation that causes abnormal kernel development, and displays a shrunken kernel phenotype, was identified and named “<i>shrunken 2008</i> (<i>sh2008</i>)”. The starch grains in <i>sh2008</i> are loose and have a less proteinaceous matrix surrounding them. The total storage protein and the major storage protein zeins are ~70% of that in the wild-type control (WT); in particular, the 19 kDa and 22 kDa α-zeins. Map-based cloning revealed that <i>sh2008</i> encodes a GT-2 trihelix transcription factor, <i>ZmThx20</i>. Using CRISPR/Cas9, two other alleles with mutated <i>ZmThx20</i> were found to have the same abnormal kernel. Shrunken kernels can be rescued by overexpressing normal <i>ZmThx20</i>. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the kernels from <i>sh2008</i> and WT showed that the GO terms of translation, ribosome, and nutrient reservoir activity were enriched in the down-regulated genes (<i>sh2008</i>/WT). In short, these changes can lead to defects in endosperm development and storage reserve filling in seeds.Peng LiZhaoxia LiGuangning XieJuren ZhangMDPI AGarticle<i>Zea mays</i>kernel developmenttrihelix transcription factorstorage proteinsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12137, p 12137 (2021) |
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<i>Zea mays</i> kernel development trihelix transcription factor storage proteins Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 |
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<i>Zea mays</i> kernel development trihelix transcription factor storage proteins Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Peng Li Zhaoxia Li Guangning Xie Juren Zhang Trihelix Transcription Factor <i>ZmThx20</i> Is Required for Kernel Development in Maize |
| description |
Maize kernels are the harvested portion of the plant and are related to the yield and quality of maize. The endosperm of maize is a large storage organ that constitutes 80–90% of the dry weight of mature kernels. Maize kernels have long been the study of cereal grain development to increase yield. In this study, a natural mutation that causes abnormal kernel development, and displays a shrunken kernel phenotype, was identified and named “<i>shrunken 2008</i> (<i>sh2008</i>)”. The starch grains in <i>sh2008</i> are loose and have a less proteinaceous matrix surrounding them. The total storage protein and the major storage protein zeins are ~70% of that in the wild-type control (WT); in particular, the 19 kDa and 22 kDa α-zeins. Map-based cloning revealed that <i>sh2008</i> encodes a GT-2 trihelix transcription factor, <i>ZmThx20</i>. Using CRISPR/Cas9, two other alleles with mutated <i>ZmThx20</i> were found to have the same abnormal kernel. Shrunken kernels can be rescued by overexpressing normal <i>ZmThx20</i>. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the kernels from <i>sh2008</i> and WT showed that the GO terms of translation, ribosome, and nutrient reservoir activity were enriched in the down-regulated genes (<i>sh2008</i>/WT). In short, these changes can lead to defects in endosperm development and storage reserve filling in seeds. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Peng Li Zhaoxia Li Guangning Xie Juren Zhang |
| author_facet |
Peng Li Zhaoxia Li Guangning Xie Juren Zhang |
| author_sort |
Peng Li |
| title |
Trihelix Transcription Factor <i>ZmThx20</i> Is Required for Kernel Development in Maize |
| title_short |
Trihelix Transcription Factor <i>ZmThx20</i> Is Required for Kernel Development in Maize |
| title_full |
Trihelix Transcription Factor <i>ZmThx20</i> Is Required for Kernel Development in Maize |
| title_fullStr |
Trihelix Transcription Factor <i>ZmThx20</i> Is Required for Kernel Development in Maize |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Trihelix Transcription Factor <i>ZmThx20</i> Is Required for Kernel Development in Maize |
| title_sort |
trihelix transcription factor <i>zmthx20</i> is required for kernel development in maize |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/d6594db0a8a3405eb035038fa0baff67 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT pengli trihelixtranscriptionfactorizmthx20iisrequiredforkerneldevelopmentinmaize AT zhaoxiali trihelixtranscriptionfactorizmthx20iisrequiredforkerneldevelopmentinmaize AT guangningxie trihelixtranscriptionfactorizmthx20iisrequiredforkerneldevelopmentinmaize AT jurenzhang trihelixtranscriptionfactorizmthx20iisrequiredforkerneldevelopmentinmaize |
| _version_ |
1718411891195248640 |