Electrochemical Investigations of BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> Sintered at a Low Sintering Temperature as a Perovskite Electrolyte for IT-SOFCs
Perovskite materials have gained a lot of interest in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications owing to their exceptional properties; however, ideal perovskites exhibit proton conduction due to availability of low oxygen vacancies, which limit their application as SOFC electrolytes. In the current...
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oai:doaj.org-article:d65ce17e75b04e29b163888855df99962021-11-25T19:02:19ZElectrochemical Investigations of BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> Sintered at a Low Sintering Temperature as a Perovskite Electrolyte for IT-SOFCs10.3390/su1322125952071-1050https://doaj.org/article/d65ce17e75b04e29b163888855df99962021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12595https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Perovskite materials have gained a lot of interest in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications owing to their exceptional properties; however, ideal perovskites exhibit proton conduction due to availability of low oxygen vacancies, which limit their application as SOFC electrolytes. In the current project, Sm was doped at the B-site of a BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> perovskite electrolyte for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> electrolytes were synthesized through a cost-effective coprecipitation method and were sintered at a low sintering temperature. The effects of samarium (Sm) doping on the electrochemical performance of BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> electrolyte material retained the perovskite structure. The secondary phase of Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was observed for BaCe<sub>0.4</sub>Sm<sub>0.3</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub>. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) imaging displayed the dense microstructure for all the compositions, while prominent crystal growth was observed for composition x = 0.3. The formation of the perovskite structure and the presence of the hydroxyl groups of metal oxides for all the compositions were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An increased symmetrical disturbance was also observed for the increased doping ratio of the Sm. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of all the compositions showed no major weight loss in the SOFC operating temperature range. It was also noted that the conductivity of BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> gradually decreased with the increased contents of the Sm metal. The maximum power density of 390 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>, and an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.0 V at 600 °C, were obtained, showing that BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub>, synthesized by a cost-effective method and sintered at a low temperature, can be used as a proton-conducting electrolyte for IT-SOFCs.Muneeb IrshadMehak KhalidMuhammad RafiqueAsif Nadeem TabishAhmad ShakeelKhurram SirajAbdul GhaffarRizwan RazaMuhammad AhsanQuar tul AinQurat ul AinMDPI AGarticleperovskiteelectrolytecoprecipitationcompositeSOFCEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12595, p 12595 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
perovskite electrolyte coprecipitation composite SOFC Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
| spellingShingle |
perovskite electrolyte coprecipitation composite SOFC Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Muneeb Irshad Mehak Khalid Muhammad Rafique Asif Nadeem Tabish Ahmad Shakeel Khurram Siraj Abdul Ghaffar Rizwan Raza Muhammad Ahsan Quar tul Ain Qurat ul Ain Electrochemical Investigations of BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> Sintered at a Low Sintering Temperature as a Perovskite Electrolyte for IT-SOFCs |
| description |
Perovskite materials have gained a lot of interest in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications owing to their exceptional properties; however, ideal perovskites exhibit proton conduction due to availability of low oxygen vacancies, which limit their application as SOFC electrolytes. In the current project, Sm was doped at the B-site of a BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> perovskite electrolyte for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> electrolytes were synthesized through a cost-effective coprecipitation method and were sintered at a low sintering temperature. The effects of samarium (Sm) doping on the electrochemical performance of BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> electrolyte material retained the perovskite structure. The secondary phase of Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was observed for BaCe<sub>0.4</sub>Sm<sub>0.3</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub>. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) imaging displayed the dense microstructure for all the compositions, while prominent crystal growth was observed for composition x = 0.3. The formation of the perovskite structure and the presence of the hydroxyl groups of metal oxides for all the compositions were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An increased symmetrical disturbance was also observed for the increased doping ratio of the Sm. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of all the compositions showed no major weight loss in the SOFC operating temperature range. It was also noted that the conductivity of BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> gradually decreased with the increased contents of the Sm metal. The maximum power density of 390 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>, and an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.0 V at 600 °C, were obtained, showing that BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub>, synthesized by a cost-effective method and sintered at a low temperature, can be used as a proton-conducting electrolyte for IT-SOFCs. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Muneeb Irshad Mehak Khalid Muhammad Rafique Asif Nadeem Tabish Ahmad Shakeel Khurram Siraj Abdul Ghaffar Rizwan Raza Muhammad Ahsan Quar tul Ain Qurat ul Ain |
| author_facet |
Muneeb Irshad Mehak Khalid Muhammad Rafique Asif Nadeem Tabish Ahmad Shakeel Khurram Siraj Abdul Ghaffar Rizwan Raza Muhammad Ahsan Quar tul Ain Qurat ul Ain |
| author_sort |
Muneeb Irshad |
| title |
Electrochemical Investigations of BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> Sintered at a Low Sintering Temperature as a Perovskite Electrolyte for IT-SOFCs |
| title_short |
Electrochemical Investigations of BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> Sintered at a Low Sintering Temperature as a Perovskite Electrolyte for IT-SOFCs |
| title_full |
Electrochemical Investigations of BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> Sintered at a Low Sintering Temperature as a Perovskite Electrolyte for IT-SOFCs |
| title_fullStr |
Electrochemical Investigations of BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> Sintered at a Low Sintering Temperature as a Perovskite Electrolyte for IT-SOFCs |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Electrochemical Investigations of BaCe<sub>0.7-x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> Sintered at a Low Sintering Temperature as a Perovskite Electrolyte for IT-SOFCs |
| title_sort |
electrochemical investigations of bace<sub>0.7-x</sub>sm<sub>x</sub>zr<sub>0.2</sub>y<sub>0.1</sub>o<sub>3-δ</sub> sintered at a low sintering temperature as a perovskite electrolyte for it-sofcs |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/d65ce17e75b04e29b163888855df9996 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| _version_ |
1718410434393931776 |