Competition Between Red Blood Cell Aggregation and Breakup: Depletion Force due to Filamentous Viruses vs. Shear Flow

Human blood is a shear-thinning fluid with a complex response that strongly depends on the red blood cell’s (RBC’s) ability to form aggregates, called rouleaux. Despite numerous investigations, microscopic understanding of the break up of RBC aggregates has not been fully elucidated. Here, we presen...

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Autores principales:	O. Korculanin, T. Kochetkova, M. P. Lettinga
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	RBC doublets shear flow depletion Jeffery fd-virus as depletant Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d664a72d35b34002a7e830d25952544d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d664a72d35b34002a7e830d25952544d2021-11-22T04:41:35ZCompetition Between Red Blood Cell Aggregation and Breakup: Depletion Force due to Filamentous Viruses vs. Shear Flow2296-424X10.3389/fphy.2021.721368https://doaj.org/article/d664a72d35b34002a7e830d25952544d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2021.721368/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-424XHuman blood is a shear-thinning fluid with a complex response that strongly depends on the red blood cell’s (RBC’s) ability to form aggregates, called rouleaux. Despite numerous investigations, microscopic understanding of the break up of RBC aggregates has not been fully elucidated. Here, we present a study of breaking up aggregates consisting of two RBCs (a doublet) during shear flow. We introduce the filamentous fd bacteriophage as a rod-like depletant agent with a very long-range interaction force, which can be tuned by the rod’s concentration. We visualize the structures while shearing by combining a home-build counter-rotating cone-plate shear cell with microscopy imaging. A diagram of dynamic states for shear rates versus depletant concentration shows regions of different flow responses and separation stages for the RBCs doublets. With increasing interaction forces, the full-contact flow states dominate, such as rolling and tumbling. We argue that the RBC doublets can only undergo separation during tumbling motion when the angle between the normal of the doublets with the flow direction is within a critical range. However, at sufficiently high shear rates, the time spent in the critical range becomes too short, such that the cells continue to tumble without separating.O. KorculaninO. KorculaninT. KochetkovaM. P. LettingaM. P. LettingaFrontiers Media S.A.articleRBC doubletsshear flowdepletionJefferyfd-virus as depletantPhysicsQC1-999ENFrontiers in Physics, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	RBC doublets shear flow depletion Jeffery fd-virus as depletant Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	RBC doublets shear flow depletion Jeffery fd-virus as depletant Physics QC1-999 O. Korculanin O. Korculanin T. Kochetkova M. P. Lettinga M. P. Lettinga Competition Between Red Blood Cell Aggregation and Breakup: Depletion Force due to Filamentous Viruses vs. Shear Flow
description	Human blood is a shear-thinning fluid with a complex response that strongly depends on the red blood cell’s (RBC’s) ability to form aggregates, called rouleaux. Despite numerous investigations, microscopic understanding of the break up of RBC aggregates has not been fully elucidated. Here, we present a study of breaking up aggregates consisting of two RBCs (a doublet) during shear flow. We introduce the filamentous fd bacteriophage as a rod-like depletant agent with a very long-range interaction force, which can be tuned by the rod’s concentration. We visualize the structures while shearing by combining a home-build counter-rotating cone-plate shear cell with microscopy imaging. A diagram of dynamic states for shear rates versus depletant concentration shows regions of different flow responses and separation stages for the RBCs doublets. With increasing interaction forces, the full-contact flow states dominate, such as rolling and tumbling. We argue that the RBC doublets can only undergo separation during tumbling motion when the angle between the normal of the doublets with the flow direction is within a critical range. However, at sufficiently high shear rates, the time spent in the critical range becomes too short, such that the cells continue to tumble without separating.
format	article
author	O. Korculanin O. Korculanin T. Kochetkova M. P. Lettinga M. P. Lettinga
author_facet	O. Korculanin O. Korculanin T. Kochetkova M. P. Lettinga M. P. Lettinga
author_sort	O. Korculanin
title	Competition Between Red Blood Cell Aggregation and Breakup: Depletion Force due to Filamentous Viruses vs. Shear Flow
title_short	Competition Between Red Blood Cell Aggregation and Breakup: Depletion Force due to Filamentous Viruses vs. Shear Flow
title_full	Competition Between Red Blood Cell Aggregation and Breakup: Depletion Force due to Filamentous Viruses vs. Shear Flow
title_fullStr	Competition Between Red Blood Cell Aggregation and Breakup: Depletion Force due to Filamentous Viruses vs. Shear Flow
title_full_unstemmed	Competition Between Red Blood Cell Aggregation and Breakup: Depletion Force due to Filamentous Viruses vs. Shear Flow
title_sort	competition between red blood cell aggregation and breakup: depletion force due to filamentous viruses vs. shear flow
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d664a72d35b34002a7e830d25952544d
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Competition Between Red Blood Cell Aggregation and Breakup: Depletion Force due to Filamentous Viruses vs. Shear Flow

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