Revisiting Gas to Solids Ratio for Activated Sludge Clarification by Electrolytic Hydrogen Bubbles: Theoretical and Experimental Evaluations

Molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>), as the green energy carrier from water electrolysis, can be utilized for separation of suspended micro-particles as electroflotation (EF). This study provides practical guidelines for the gas to solids (G/S) ratio as the governing parameter in EF, base...

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Autores principales:	Jiseon Kim, Chong Min Chung, Kangwoo Cho, Tai Hak Chung
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	activated sludge clarification electroflotation (EF) gas to solids (G/S) ratio hydrogen Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d667806571964354a7dfc7912885299b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d667806571964354a7dfc7912885299b2021-11-25T17:07:01ZRevisiting Gas to Solids Ratio for Activated Sludge Clarification by Electrolytic Hydrogen Bubbles: Theoretical and Experimental Evaluations10.3390/catal111114132073-4344https://doaj.org/article/d667806571964354a7dfc7912885299b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/11/1413https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4344Molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>), as the green energy carrier from water electrolysis, can be utilized for separation of suspended micro-particles as electroflotation (EF). This study provides practical guidelines for the gas to solids (G/S) ratio as the governing parameter in EF, based on theoretical estimations and experiments for clarification of activated sludge. The G/S ratio in EF was controlled linearly by current density (<i>j</i>), under quasi-consistent current efficiency (at <i>j</i> > 8 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>) for H<sub>2</sub> (~1) and O<sub>2</sub> (~0.4) bubble generations on Ti cathode and IrTaO<sub>x</sub> anode, respectively. Based on the measured sizes of bubbles (approximated to 35 µm) and biological flocs (discretized to mean sizes of 22.5, 40, 60, 135, and 150 µm), batch flotation experiments estimated the maximum collision-attachment efficiency of 0.057. The rise velocities of floc-bubble aggregate were computed to derive the limiting G/S ratio to overcome the given influent hydraulic loading. Consequently, the estimates (5.23 × 10<sup>−4</sup> and 5.92 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at hydraulic loading of 0.87 and 1.73 cm/min, respectively) were compatible with the continuous EF experiments.Jiseon KimChong Min ChungKangwoo ChoTai Hak ChungMDPI AGarticleactivated sludgeclarificationelectroflotation (EF)gas to solids (G/S) ratiohydrogenChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENCatalysts, Vol 11, Iss 1413, p 1413 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	activated sludge clarification electroflotation (EF) gas to solids (G/S) ratio hydrogen Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	activated sludge clarification electroflotation (EF) gas to solids (G/S) ratio hydrogen Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Jiseon Kim Chong Min Chung Kangwoo Cho Tai Hak Chung Revisiting Gas to Solids Ratio for Activated Sludge Clarification by Electrolytic Hydrogen Bubbles: Theoretical and Experimental Evaluations
description	Molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>), as the green energy carrier from water electrolysis, can be utilized for separation of suspended micro-particles as electroflotation (EF). This study provides practical guidelines for the gas to solids (G/S) ratio as the governing parameter in EF, based on theoretical estimations and experiments for clarification of activated sludge. The G/S ratio in EF was controlled linearly by current density (<i>j</i>), under quasi-consistent current efficiency (at <i>j</i> > 8 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>) for H<sub>2</sub> (~1) and O<sub>2</sub> (~0.4) bubble generations on Ti cathode and IrTaO<sub>x</sub> anode, respectively. Based on the measured sizes of bubbles (approximated to 35 µm) and biological flocs (discretized to mean sizes of 22.5, 40, 60, 135, and 150 µm), batch flotation experiments estimated the maximum collision-attachment efficiency of 0.057. The rise velocities of floc-bubble aggregate were computed to derive the limiting G/S ratio to overcome the given influent hydraulic loading. Consequently, the estimates (5.23 × 10<sup>−4</sup> and 5.92 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at hydraulic loading of 0.87 and 1.73 cm/min, respectively) were compatible with the continuous EF experiments.
format	article
author	Jiseon Kim Chong Min Chung Kangwoo Cho Tai Hak Chung
author_facet	Jiseon Kim Chong Min Chung Kangwoo Cho Tai Hak Chung
author_sort	Jiseon Kim
title	Revisiting Gas to Solids Ratio for Activated Sludge Clarification by Electrolytic Hydrogen Bubbles: Theoretical and Experimental Evaluations
title_short	Revisiting Gas to Solids Ratio for Activated Sludge Clarification by Electrolytic Hydrogen Bubbles: Theoretical and Experimental Evaluations
title_full	Revisiting Gas to Solids Ratio for Activated Sludge Clarification by Electrolytic Hydrogen Bubbles: Theoretical and Experimental Evaluations
title_fullStr	Revisiting Gas to Solids Ratio for Activated Sludge Clarification by Electrolytic Hydrogen Bubbles: Theoretical and Experimental Evaluations
title_full_unstemmed	Revisiting Gas to Solids Ratio for Activated Sludge Clarification by Electrolytic Hydrogen Bubbles: Theoretical and Experimental Evaluations
title_sort	revisiting gas to solids ratio for activated sludge clarification by electrolytic hydrogen bubbles: theoretical and experimental evaluations
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d667806571964354a7dfc7912885299b
work_keys_str_mv	AT jiseonkim revisitinggastosolidsratioforactivatedsludgeclarificationbyelectrolytichydrogenbubblestheoreticalandexperimentalevaluations AT chongminchung revisitinggastosolidsratioforactivatedsludgeclarificationbyelectrolytichydrogenbubblestheoreticalandexperimentalevaluations AT kangwoocho revisitinggastosolidsratioforactivatedsludgeclarificationbyelectrolytichydrogenbubblestheoreticalandexperimentalevaluations AT taihakchung revisitinggastosolidsratioforactivatedsludgeclarificationbyelectrolytichydrogenbubblestheoreticalandexperimentalevaluations
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Revisiting Gas to Solids Ratio for Activated Sludge Clarification by Electrolytic Hydrogen Bubbles: Theoretical and Experimental Evaluations

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