Population genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery

Abstract Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii) with three recognised subspecies (R. e. eldii, R. e. thamin, and R. e. siamensis) represents one of the most threatened cervids found in Southeast Asia. The species has experienced considerable range contractions and local extinctions owing to habitat loss a...

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Autores principales:	Mirza Ghazanfarullah Ghazi, Surya Prasad Sharma, Chongpi Tuboi, Sangeeta Angom, Tennison Gurumayum, Parag Nigam, Syed Ainul Hussain
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d67735baeda64c7e953570f645d39162
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d67735baeda64c7e953570f645d391622021-12-02T10:48:13ZPopulation genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery10.1038/s41598-021-82183-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d67735baeda64c7e953570f645d391622021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82183-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii) with three recognised subspecies (R. e. eldii, R. e. thamin, and R. e. siamensis) represents one of the most threatened cervids found in Southeast Asia. The species has experienced considerable range contractions and local extinctions owing to habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting, and illegal trade across its distribution range over the last century. Understanding the patterns of genetic variation is crucial for planning effective conservation strategies. This study investigated the phylogeography, divergence events and systematics of Eld's deer subspecies using the largest mtDNA dataset compiled to date. We also analysed the genetic structure and demographic history of R. e. eldii using 19 microsatellite markers. Our results showed that R. e. siamensis exhibits two divergent mtDNA lineages (mainland and Hainan Island), which diverged around 0.2 Mya (95% HPD 0.1–0.2), possibly driven by the fluctuating sea levels of the Early Holocene period. The divergence between R. e. eldii and R. e. siamensis occurred around 0.4 Mya (95% HPD 0.3–0.5), potentially associated with the adaptations to warm and humid climate with open grassland vegetation that predominated the region. Furthermore, R. e. eldii exhibits low levels of genetic diversity and small contemporary effective population size (median = 7, 4.7–10.8 at 95% CI) with widespread historical genetic bottlenecks which accentuates its vulnerability to inbreeding and extinction. Based on the observed significant evolutionary and systematic distance between Eld’s deer and other species of the genus Rucervus, we propose to classify Eld's deer (Cervus eldii) in the genus Cervus, which is in congruent with previous phylogenetic studies. This study provides important conservation implications required to direct the ongoing population recovery programs and planning future conservation strategies.Mirza Ghazanfarullah GhaziSurya Prasad SharmaChongpi TuboiSangeeta AngomTennison GurumayumParag NigamSyed Ainul HussainNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mirza Ghazanfarullah Ghazi Surya Prasad Sharma Chongpi Tuboi Sangeeta Angom Tennison Gurumayum Parag Nigam Syed Ainul Hussain Population genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery
description	Abstract Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii) with three recognised subspecies (R. e. eldii, R. e. thamin, and R. e. siamensis) represents one of the most threatened cervids found in Southeast Asia. The species has experienced considerable range contractions and local extinctions owing to habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting, and illegal trade across its distribution range over the last century. Understanding the patterns of genetic variation is crucial for planning effective conservation strategies. This study investigated the phylogeography, divergence events and systematics of Eld's deer subspecies using the largest mtDNA dataset compiled to date. We also analysed the genetic structure and demographic history of R. e. eldii using 19 microsatellite markers. Our results showed that R. e. siamensis exhibits two divergent mtDNA lineages (mainland and Hainan Island), which diverged around 0.2 Mya (95% HPD 0.1–0.2), possibly driven by the fluctuating sea levels of the Early Holocene period. The divergence between R. e. eldii and R. e. siamensis occurred around 0.4 Mya (95% HPD 0.3–0.5), potentially associated with the adaptations to warm and humid climate with open grassland vegetation that predominated the region. Furthermore, R. e. eldii exhibits low levels of genetic diversity and small contemporary effective population size (median = 7, 4.7–10.8 at 95% CI) with widespread historical genetic bottlenecks which accentuates its vulnerability to inbreeding and extinction. Based on the observed significant evolutionary and systematic distance between Eld’s deer and other species of the genus Rucervus, we propose to classify Eld's deer (Cervus eldii) in the genus Cervus, which is in congruent with previous phylogenetic studies. This study provides important conservation implications required to direct the ongoing population recovery programs and planning future conservation strategies.
format	article
author	Mirza Ghazanfarullah Ghazi Surya Prasad Sharma Chongpi Tuboi Sangeeta Angom Tennison Gurumayum Parag Nigam Syed Ainul Hussain
author_facet	Mirza Ghazanfarullah Ghazi Surya Prasad Sharma Chongpi Tuboi Sangeeta Angom Tennison Gurumayum Parag Nigam Syed Ainul Hussain
author_sort	Mirza Ghazanfarullah Ghazi
title	Population genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery
title_short	Population genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery
title_full	Population genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery
title_fullStr	Population genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery
title_full_unstemmed	Population genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery
title_sort	population genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered eld’s deer (rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d67735baeda64c7e953570f645d39162
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Population genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery

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