Widening of socioeconomic inequalities in U.S. death rates, 1993-2001.

<h4>Background</h4>Socioeconomic inequalities in death rates from all causes combined widened from 1960 until 1990 in the U.S., largely because cardiovascular death rates decreased more slowly in lower than in higher socioeconomic groups. However, no studies have examined trends in inequ...

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Autores principales:	Ahmedin Jemal, Elizabeth Ward, Robert N Anderson, Taylor Murray, Michael J Thun
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d6929bb8a2c740c2aeb27976e079f671
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d6929bb8a2c740c2aeb27976e079f6712021-11-25T06:12:26ZWidening of socioeconomic inequalities in U.S. death rates, 1993-2001.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0002181https://doaj.org/article/d6929bb8a2c740c2aeb27976e079f6712008-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18478119/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Socioeconomic inequalities in death rates from all causes combined widened from 1960 until 1990 in the U.S., largely because cardiovascular death rates decreased more slowly in lower than in higher socioeconomic groups. However, no studies have examined trends in inequalities using recent US national data.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We calculated annual age-standardized death rates from 1993-2001 for 25-64 year old non-Hispanic whites and blacks by level of education for all causes and for the seven most common causes of death using death certificate information from 43 states and Washington, D.C. Regression analysis was used to estimate annual percent change. The inequalities in all cause death rates between Americans with less than high school education and college graduates increased rapidly from 1993 to 2001 due to both significant decreases in mortality from all causes, heart disease, cancer, stroke, and other conditions in the most educated and lack of change or increases among the least educated. For white women, the all cause death rate increased significantly by 3.2 percent per year in the least educated and by 0.7 percent per year in high school graduates. The rate ratio (RR) comparing the least versus most educated increased from 2.9 (95% CI, 2.8-3.1) in 1993 to 4.4 (4.1-4.6) in 2001 among white men, from 2.1 (1.8-2.5) to 3.4 (2.9-3-9) in black men, and from 2.6 (2.4-2.7) to 3.8 (3.6-4.0) in white women.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality are increasing rapidly due to continued progress by educated white and black men and white women, and stable or worsening trends among the least educated.Ahmedin JemalElizabeth WardRobert N AndersonTaylor MurrayMichael J ThunPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 5, p e2181 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ahmedin Jemal Elizabeth Ward Robert N Anderson Taylor Murray Michael J Thun Widening of socioeconomic inequalities in U.S. death rates, 1993-2001.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Socioeconomic inequalities in death rates from all causes combined widened from 1960 until 1990 in the U.S., largely because cardiovascular death rates decreased more slowly in lower than in higher socioeconomic groups. However, no studies have examined trends in inequalities using recent US national data.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We calculated annual age-standardized death rates from 1993-2001 for 25-64 year old non-Hispanic whites and blacks by level of education for all causes and for the seven most common causes of death using death certificate information from 43 states and Washington, D.C. Regression analysis was used to estimate annual percent change. The inequalities in all cause death rates between Americans with less than high school education and college graduates increased rapidly from 1993 to 2001 due to both significant decreases in mortality from all causes, heart disease, cancer, stroke, and other conditions in the most educated and lack of change or increases among the least educated. For white women, the all cause death rate increased significantly by 3.2 percent per year in the least educated and by 0.7 percent per year in high school graduates. The rate ratio (RR) comparing the least versus most educated increased from 2.9 (95% CI, 2.8-3.1) in 1993 to 4.4 (4.1-4.6) in 2001 among white men, from 2.1 (1.8-2.5) to 3.4 (2.9-3-9) in black men, and from 2.6 (2.4-2.7) to 3.8 (3.6-4.0) in white women.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality are increasing rapidly due to continued progress by educated white and black men and white women, and stable or worsening trends among the least educated.
format	article
author	Ahmedin Jemal Elizabeth Ward Robert N Anderson Taylor Murray Michael J Thun
author_facet	Ahmedin Jemal Elizabeth Ward Robert N Anderson Taylor Murray Michael J Thun
author_sort	Ahmedin Jemal
title	Widening of socioeconomic inequalities in U.S. death rates, 1993-2001.
title_short	Widening of socioeconomic inequalities in U.S. death rates, 1993-2001.
title_full	Widening of socioeconomic inequalities in U.S. death rates, 1993-2001.
title_fullStr	Widening of socioeconomic inequalities in U.S. death rates, 1993-2001.
title_full_unstemmed	Widening of socioeconomic inequalities in U.S. death rates, 1993-2001.
title_sort	widening of socioeconomic inequalities in u.s. death rates, 1993-2001.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/d6929bb8a2c740c2aeb27976e079f671
work_keys_str_mv	AT ahmedinjemal wideningofsocioeconomicinequalitiesinusdeathrates19932001 AT elizabethward wideningofsocioeconomicinequalitiesinusdeathrates19932001 AT robertnanderson wideningofsocioeconomicinequalitiesinusdeathrates19932001 AT taylormurray wideningofsocioeconomicinequalitiesinusdeathrates19932001 AT michaeljthun wideningofsocioeconomicinequalitiesinusdeathrates19932001
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Widening of socioeconomic inequalities in U.S. death rates, 1993-2001.

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