Synchrony and multimodality in the timing of Atlantic salmon smolt migration in two Norwegian fjords

Abstract The timing of the smolt migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a phenological trait increasingly important to the fitness of this species. Understanding when and how smolts migrate to the sea is crucial to understanding how salmon populations will be affected by both climate change a...

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Autores principales:	Helge B. Bjerck, Henning A. Urke, Thrond O. Haugen, Jo Arve Alfredsen, John Birger Ulvund, Torstein Kristensen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d6a535ad16f349db816055eb20e0ed0a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d6a535ad16f349db816055eb20e0ed0a2021-12-02T13:24:26ZSynchrony and multimodality in the timing of Atlantic salmon smolt migration in two Norwegian fjords10.1038/s41598-021-85941-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d6a535ad16f349db816055eb20e0ed0a2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85941-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The timing of the smolt migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a phenological trait increasingly important to the fitness of this species. Understanding when and how smolts migrate to the sea is crucial to understanding how salmon populations will be affected by both climate change and the elevated salmon lice concentrations produced by salmon farms. Here, acoustic telemetry was used to monitor the fjord migration of wild post-smolts from four rivers across two fjord systems in western Norway. Smolts began their migration throughout the month of May in all populations. Within-population, the timing of migration was multimodal with peaks in migration determined by the timing of spring floods. As a result, migrations were synchronized across populations with similar hydrology. There was little indication that the timing of migration had an impact on survival from the river mouth to the outer fjord. However, populations with longer fjord migrations experienced lower survival rates and had higher variance in fjord residency times. Explicit consideration of the multimodality inherent to the timing of smolt migration in these populations may help predict when smolts are in the fjord, as these modes seem predictable from available environmental data.Helge B. BjerckHenning A. UrkeThrond O. HaugenJo Arve AlfredsenJohn Birger UlvundTorstein KristensenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Helge B. Bjerck Henning A. Urke Thrond O. Haugen Jo Arve Alfredsen John Birger Ulvund Torstein Kristensen Synchrony and multimodality in the timing of Atlantic salmon smolt migration in two Norwegian fjords
description	Abstract The timing of the smolt migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a phenological trait increasingly important to the fitness of this species. Understanding when and how smolts migrate to the sea is crucial to understanding how salmon populations will be affected by both climate change and the elevated salmon lice concentrations produced by salmon farms. Here, acoustic telemetry was used to monitor the fjord migration of wild post-smolts from four rivers across two fjord systems in western Norway. Smolts began their migration throughout the month of May in all populations. Within-population, the timing of migration was multimodal with peaks in migration determined by the timing of spring floods. As a result, migrations were synchronized across populations with similar hydrology. There was little indication that the timing of migration had an impact on survival from the river mouth to the outer fjord. However, populations with longer fjord migrations experienced lower survival rates and had higher variance in fjord residency times. Explicit consideration of the multimodality inherent to the timing of smolt migration in these populations may help predict when smolts are in the fjord, as these modes seem predictable from available environmental data.
format	article
author	Helge B. Bjerck Henning A. Urke Thrond O. Haugen Jo Arve Alfredsen John Birger Ulvund Torstein Kristensen
author_facet	Helge B. Bjerck Henning A. Urke Thrond O. Haugen Jo Arve Alfredsen John Birger Ulvund Torstein Kristensen
author_sort	Helge B. Bjerck
title	Synchrony and multimodality in the timing of Atlantic salmon smolt migration in two Norwegian fjords
title_short	Synchrony and multimodality in the timing of Atlantic salmon smolt migration in two Norwegian fjords
title_full	Synchrony and multimodality in the timing of Atlantic salmon smolt migration in two Norwegian fjords
title_fullStr	Synchrony and multimodality in the timing of Atlantic salmon smolt migration in two Norwegian fjords
title_full_unstemmed	Synchrony and multimodality in the timing of Atlantic salmon smolt migration in two Norwegian fjords
title_sort	synchrony and multimodality in the timing of atlantic salmon smolt migration in two norwegian fjords
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d6a535ad16f349db816055eb20e0ed0a
work_keys_str_mv	AT helgebbjerck synchronyandmultimodalityinthetimingofatlanticsalmonsmoltmigrationintwonorwegianfjords AT henningaurke synchronyandmultimodalityinthetimingofatlanticsalmonsmoltmigrationintwonorwegianfjords AT throndohaugen synchronyandmultimodalityinthetimingofatlanticsalmonsmoltmigrationintwonorwegianfjords AT joarvealfredsen synchronyandmultimodalityinthetimingofatlanticsalmonsmoltmigrationintwonorwegianfjords AT johnbirgerulvund synchronyandmultimodalityinthetimingofatlanticsalmonsmoltmigrationintwonorwegianfjords AT torsteinkristensen synchronyandmultimodalityinthetimingofatlanticsalmonsmoltmigrationintwonorwegianfjords
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Synchrony and multimodality in the timing of Atlantic salmon smolt migration in two Norwegian fjords

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