Nutrient and Food Group Intakes among U.S. Children (2–5 Years) Differ by Family Income to Poverty Ratio, NHANES 2011–2018

Family income may influence nutrient and food group intakes among preschool children, thus increasing risk of nutrient deficiencies. This study compared nutrient and food group intakes and diet quality among a U.S. sample of children 2–5 years of age by family income to poverty ratio (PIR) based on...

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Autores principales:	Katia Fadeyev, Sayaka Nagao-Sato, Marla Reicks
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	family income preschool children nutrient and food group intake diet quality Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d6a9e07fe6ae4da1b409914ced4acffd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d6a9e07fe6ae4da1b409914ced4acffd2021-11-25T17:49:37ZNutrient and Food Group Intakes among U.S. Children (2–5 Years) Differ by Family Income to Poverty Ratio, NHANES 2011–201810.3390/ijerph1822119381660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/d6a9e07fe6ae4da1b409914ced4acffd2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11938https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Family income may influence nutrient and food group intakes among preschool children, thus increasing risk of nutrient deficiencies. This study compared nutrient and food group intakes and diet quality among a U.S. sample of children 2–5 years of age by family income to poverty ratio (PIR) based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2018) data (<i>n</i> = 2249). Regression analyses were used to compare dietary intakes based on proxy-reported 24-h dietary recalls and Healthy Eating Index-2015 total scores by low PIR versus mid-high PIR levels adjusted for covariates. PIR levels varied by child race/ethnicity and household reference person’s sex, marital status, and education. More than half of the children in the low PIR group (56%) were reported to have received WIC benefits in the past year. Marginally lower calcium (<i>p</i> = 0.008) and lower fiber intakes, lower total HEI-2015 scores, and lower intakes of fruits and whole grain foods (all <i>p</i> < 0.007) were observed among children in low PIR households compared to mid-high PIR households. However, iron intakes were higher (<i>p</i> = 0.0003) among children in low PIR households compared to mid-high PIR households. Lack of other differences in nutrient and food group intakes may be attributable to WIC benefits.Katia FadeyevSayaka Nagao-SatoMarla ReicksMDPI AGarticlefamily incomepreschool childrennutrient and food group intakediet qualityMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11938, p 11938 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	family income preschool children nutrient and food group intake diet quality Medicine R
spellingShingle	family income preschool children nutrient and food group intake diet quality Medicine R Katia Fadeyev Sayaka Nagao-Sato Marla Reicks Nutrient and Food Group Intakes among U.S. Children (2–5 Years) Differ by Family Income to Poverty Ratio, NHANES 2011–2018
description	Family income may influence nutrient and food group intakes among preschool children, thus increasing risk of nutrient deficiencies. This study compared nutrient and food group intakes and diet quality among a U.S. sample of children 2–5 years of age by family income to poverty ratio (PIR) based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2018) data (<i>n</i> = 2249). Regression analyses were used to compare dietary intakes based on proxy-reported 24-h dietary recalls and Healthy Eating Index-2015 total scores by low PIR versus mid-high PIR levels adjusted for covariates. PIR levels varied by child race/ethnicity and household reference person’s sex, marital status, and education. More than half of the children in the low PIR group (56%) were reported to have received WIC benefits in the past year. Marginally lower calcium (<i>p</i> = 0.008) and lower fiber intakes, lower total HEI-2015 scores, and lower intakes of fruits and whole grain foods (all <i>p</i> < 0.007) were observed among children in low PIR households compared to mid-high PIR households. However, iron intakes were higher (<i>p</i> = 0.0003) among children in low PIR households compared to mid-high PIR households. Lack of other differences in nutrient and food group intakes may be attributable to WIC benefits.
format	article
author	Katia Fadeyev Sayaka Nagao-Sato Marla Reicks
author_facet	Katia Fadeyev Sayaka Nagao-Sato Marla Reicks
author_sort	Katia Fadeyev
title	Nutrient and Food Group Intakes among U.S. Children (2–5 Years) Differ by Family Income to Poverty Ratio, NHANES 2011–2018
title_short	Nutrient and Food Group Intakes among U.S. Children (2–5 Years) Differ by Family Income to Poverty Ratio, NHANES 2011–2018
title_full	Nutrient and Food Group Intakes among U.S. Children (2–5 Years) Differ by Family Income to Poverty Ratio, NHANES 2011–2018
title_fullStr	Nutrient and Food Group Intakes among U.S. Children (2–5 Years) Differ by Family Income to Poverty Ratio, NHANES 2011–2018
title_full_unstemmed	Nutrient and Food Group Intakes among U.S. Children (2–5 Years) Differ by Family Income to Poverty Ratio, NHANES 2011–2018
title_sort	nutrient and food group intakes among u.s. children (2–5 years) differ by family income to poverty ratio, nhanes 2011–2018
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d6a9e07fe6ae4da1b409914ced4acffd
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Nutrient and Food Group Intakes among U.S. Children (2–5 Years) Differ by Family Income to Poverty Ratio, NHANES 2011–2018

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