Genetic and physiological analysis of iron biofortification in maize kernels.

<h4>Background</h4>Maize is a major cereal crop widely consumed in developing countries, which have a high prevalence of iron (Fe) deficiency anemia. The major cause of Fe deficiency in these countries is inadequate intake of bioavailable Fe, where poverty is a major factor. Therefore, b...

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Autores principales:	Mercy G Lung'aho, Angela M Mwaniki, Stephen J Szalma, Jonathan J Hart, Michael A Rutzke, Leon V Kochian, Raymond P Glahn, Owen A Hoekenga
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d6b61dd2c0b846fbae709b9d9f3ccf65
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d6b61dd2c0b846fbae709b9d9f3ccf652021-11-18T06:52:27ZGenetic and physiological analysis of iron biofortification in maize kernels.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0020429https://doaj.org/article/d6b61dd2c0b846fbae709b9d9f3ccf652011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21687662/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Maize is a major cereal crop widely consumed in developing countries, which have a high prevalence of iron (Fe) deficiency anemia. The major cause of Fe deficiency in these countries is inadequate intake of bioavailable Fe, where poverty is a major factor. Therefore, biofortification of maize by increasing Fe concentration and or bioavailability has great potential to alleviate this deficiency. Maize is also a model system for genomic research and thus allows the opportunity for gene discovery. Here we describe an integrated genetic and physiological analysis of Fe nutrition in maize kernels, to identify loci that influence grain Fe concentration and bioavailability.<h4>Methodology</h4>Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was used to dissect grain Fe concentration (FeGC) and Fe bioavailability (FeGB) from the Intermated B73 × Mo17 (IBM) recombinant inbred (RI) population. FeGC was determined by ion coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP). FeGB was determined by an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell line bioassay.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Three modest QTL for FeGC were detected, in spite of high heritability. This suggests that FeGC is controlled by many small QTL, which may make it a challenging trait to improve by marker assisted breeding. Ten QTL for FeGB were identified and explained 54% of the variance observed in samples from a single year/location. Three of the largest FeGB QTL were isolated in sister derived lines and their effect was observed in three subsequent seasons in New York. Single season evaluations were also made at six other sites around North America, suggesting the enhancement of FeGB was not specific to our farm site. FeGB was not correlated with FeGC or phytic acid, suggesting that novel regulators of Fe nutrition are responsible for the differences observed. Our results indicate that iron biofortification of maize grain is achievable using specialized phenotyping tools and conventional plant breeding techniques.Mercy G Lung'ahoAngela M MwanikiStephen J SzalmaJonathan J HartMichael A RutzkeLeon V KochianRaymond P GlahnOwen A HoekengaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 6, p e20429 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mercy G Lung'aho Angela M Mwaniki Stephen J Szalma Jonathan J Hart Michael A Rutzke Leon V Kochian Raymond P Glahn Owen A Hoekenga Genetic and physiological analysis of iron biofortification in maize kernels.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Maize is a major cereal crop widely consumed in developing countries, which have a high prevalence of iron (Fe) deficiency anemia. The major cause of Fe deficiency in these countries is inadequate intake of bioavailable Fe, where poverty is a major factor. Therefore, biofortification of maize by increasing Fe concentration and or bioavailability has great potential to alleviate this deficiency. Maize is also a model system for genomic research and thus allows the opportunity for gene discovery. Here we describe an integrated genetic and physiological analysis of Fe nutrition in maize kernels, to identify loci that influence grain Fe concentration and bioavailability.<h4>Methodology</h4>Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was used to dissect grain Fe concentration (FeGC) and Fe bioavailability (FeGB) from the Intermated B73 × Mo17 (IBM) recombinant inbred (RI) population. FeGC was determined by ion coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP). FeGB was determined by an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell line bioassay.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Three modest QTL for FeGC were detected, in spite of high heritability. This suggests that FeGC is controlled by many small QTL, which may make it a challenging trait to improve by marker assisted breeding. Ten QTL for FeGB were identified and explained 54% of the variance observed in samples from a single year/location. Three of the largest FeGB QTL were isolated in sister derived lines and their effect was observed in three subsequent seasons in New York. Single season evaluations were also made at six other sites around North America, suggesting the enhancement of FeGB was not specific to our farm site. FeGB was not correlated with FeGC or phytic acid, suggesting that novel regulators of Fe nutrition are responsible for the differences observed. Our results indicate that iron biofortification of maize grain is achievable using specialized phenotyping tools and conventional plant breeding techniques.
format	article
author	Mercy G Lung'aho Angela M Mwaniki Stephen J Szalma Jonathan J Hart Michael A Rutzke Leon V Kochian Raymond P Glahn Owen A Hoekenga
author_facet	Mercy G Lung'aho Angela M Mwaniki Stephen J Szalma Jonathan J Hart Michael A Rutzke Leon V Kochian Raymond P Glahn Owen A Hoekenga
author_sort	Mercy G Lung'aho
title	Genetic and physiological analysis of iron biofortification in maize kernels.
title_short	Genetic and physiological analysis of iron biofortification in maize kernels.
title_full	Genetic and physiological analysis of iron biofortification in maize kernels.
title_fullStr	Genetic and physiological analysis of iron biofortification in maize kernels.
title_full_unstemmed	Genetic and physiological analysis of iron biofortification in maize kernels.
title_sort	genetic and physiological analysis of iron biofortification in maize kernels.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/d6b61dd2c0b846fbae709b9d9f3ccf65
work_keys_str_mv	AT mercyglungaho geneticandphysiologicalanalysisofironbiofortificationinmaizekernels AT angelammwaniki geneticandphysiologicalanalysisofironbiofortificationinmaizekernels AT stephenjszalma geneticandphysiologicalanalysisofironbiofortificationinmaizekernels AT jonathanjhart geneticandphysiologicalanalysisofironbiofortificationinmaizekernels AT michaelarutzke geneticandphysiologicalanalysisofironbiofortificationinmaizekernels AT leonvkochian geneticandphysiologicalanalysisofironbiofortificationinmaizekernels AT raymondpglahn geneticandphysiologicalanalysisofironbiofortificationinmaizekernels AT owenahoekenga geneticandphysiologicalanalysisofironbiofortificationinmaizekernels
_version_	1718424322151809024

Genetic and physiological analysis of iron biofortification in maize kernels.

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