Sentinel-2 Reveals Abrupt Increment of Total Suspended Matter While <em>Ever Given</em> Ship Blocked the Suez Canal

The blockage of the Suez Canal, one of the world’s key trade routes, by a giant container ship in March 2021 was in the spotlight of news media worldwide, mainly because of its economic impacts. In this study, we look at this event from an environmental perspective by analyzing the impact of the art...

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Autores principales:	Milad Niroumand-Jadidi, Francesca Bovolo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	water quality Suez Canal canal blockage container ship Sentinel-2 time-series Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d6e3aabf3c9d4622adebc8e01165dafb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d6e3aabf3c9d4622adebc8e01165dafb2021-11-25T19:16:24ZSentinel-2 Reveals Abrupt Increment of Total Suspended Matter While <em>Ever Given</em> Ship Blocked the Suez Canal10.3390/w132232862073-4441https://doaj.org/article/d6e3aabf3c9d4622adebc8e01165dafb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3286https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441The blockage of the Suez Canal, one of the world’s key trade routes, by a giant container ship in March 2021 was in the spotlight of news media worldwide, mainly because of its economic impacts. In this study, we look at this event from an environmental perspective by analyzing the impact of the artificial barrier made by the ship over the channel and of operations like dredging on the concentration of total suspended matter (TSM). In this context, multitemporal Sentinel-2 images are used to study short-term variations of TSM within a time window spanning before, during, and after the blockage event. A well-established neural network-based processor called Case 2 Regional CoastColour (C2RCC) is employed to derive remote sensing reflectance (<i>Rrs</i>) and then TSM concentrations from Sentinel-2 imagery. The results indicate that the stuck ship acted as an artificial barrier leading to very different TSM conditions north and south of the canal. Furthermore, the blockage of the Suez Canal and subsequent dredging caused an abrupt increment (+400%) in the concentration of TSM moving north from the ship’s location. We also identified a very high contrast between the TSM concentration in the north and south of the vessel during the blockage event.Milad Niroumand-JadidiFrancesca BovoloMDPI AGarticlewater qualitySuez Canalcanal blockagecontainer shipSentinel-2time-seriesHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3286, p 3286 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	water quality Suez Canal canal blockage container ship Sentinel-2 time-series Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	water quality Suez Canal canal blockage container ship Sentinel-2 time-series Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Milad Niroumand-Jadidi Francesca Bovolo Sentinel-2 Reveals Abrupt Increment of Total Suspended Matter While <em>Ever Given</em> Ship Blocked the Suez Canal
description	The blockage of the Suez Canal, one of the world’s key trade routes, by a giant container ship in March 2021 was in the spotlight of news media worldwide, mainly because of its economic impacts. In this study, we look at this event from an environmental perspective by analyzing the impact of the artificial barrier made by the ship over the channel and of operations like dredging on the concentration of total suspended matter (TSM). In this context, multitemporal Sentinel-2 images are used to study short-term variations of TSM within a time window spanning before, during, and after the blockage event. A well-established neural network-based processor called Case 2 Regional CoastColour (C2RCC) is employed to derive remote sensing reflectance (<i>Rrs</i>) and then TSM concentrations from Sentinel-2 imagery. The results indicate that the stuck ship acted as an artificial barrier leading to very different TSM conditions north and south of the canal. Furthermore, the blockage of the Suez Canal and subsequent dredging caused an abrupt increment (+400%) in the concentration of TSM moving north from the ship’s location. We also identified a very high contrast between the TSM concentration in the north and south of the vessel during the blockage event.
format	article
author	Milad Niroumand-Jadidi Francesca Bovolo
author_facet	Milad Niroumand-Jadidi Francesca Bovolo
author_sort	Milad Niroumand-Jadidi
title	Sentinel-2 Reveals Abrupt Increment of Total Suspended Matter While <em>Ever Given</em> Ship Blocked the Suez Canal
title_short	Sentinel-2 Reveals Abrupt Increment of Total Suspended Matter While <em>Ever Given</em> Ship Blocked the Suez Canal
title_full	Sentinel-2 Reveals Abrupt Increment of Total Suspended Matter While <em>Ever Given</em> Ship Blocked the Suez Canal
title_fullStr	Sentinel-2 Reveals Abrupt Increment of Total Suspended Matter While <em>Ever Given</em> Ship Blocked the Suez Canal
title_full_unstemmed	Sentinel-2 Reveals Abrupt Increment of Total Suspended Matter While <em>Ever Given</em> Ship Blocked the Suez Canal
title_sort	sentinel-2 reveals abrupt increment of total suspended matter while <em>ever given</em> ship blocked the suez canal
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d6e3aabf3c9d4622adebc8e01165dafb
work_keys_str_mv	AT miladniroumandjadidi sentinel2revealsabruptincrementoftotalsuspendedmatterwhileemevergivenemshipblockedthesuezcanal AT francescabovolo sentinel2revealsabruptincrementoftotalsuspendedmatterwhileemevergivenemshipblockedthesuezcanal
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Sentinel-2 Reveals Abrupt Increment of Total Suspended Matter While <em>Ever Given</em> Ship Blocked the Suez Canal

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