Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR

Abstract To support the growing landscape of near to mid-IR laser applications we demonstrate a range of low propagation loss femtosecond laser (FSL) written waveguides (WGs) that have achieved guided-mode laser operation in a rare earth (RE) doped lead-germanate glass. The WGs are fabricated in bot...

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Autores principales:	Mamoona Khalid, George Y. Chen, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepreim, David G. Lancaster
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d70ff1ccae374c41b68967c01bf5a9c4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d70ff1ccae374c41b68967c01bf5a9c42021-12-02T15:00:25ZFemtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR10.1038/s41598-021-90249-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d70ff1ccae374c41b68967c01bf5a9c42021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90249-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract To support the growing landscape of near to mid-IR laser applications we demonstrate a range of low propagation loss femtosecond laser (FSL) written waveguides (WGs) that have achieved guided-mode laser operation in a rare earth (RE) doped lead-germanate glass. The WGs are fabricated in both the athermal and thermal FSL writing regimes using three different pulse repetition frequencies (PRF): 100 kHz (athermal); 1 MHz; and 5 MHz (thermal). The lasing capability of Yb3+ doped lead-germanate waveguides is verified in the near-IR. The refractive index contrast (∆n) for 100 kHz WGs is ~ 1 × 10–4, while for 5 MHz, ∆n increases to ~ 5 × 10–4. The WGs in the thermal regime are less effected by self-focusing and are larger in dimensions with reduced propagation losses. For the 1 MHz repetition rate thermal writing regime we report a low propagation loss WG (0.2 dB/cm) and demonstrate laser operation with slope efficiencies of up to ~ 28%.Mamoona KhalidGeorge Y. ChenHeike Ebendorff-HeidepreimDavid G. LancasterNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mamoona Khalid George Y. Chen Heike Ebendorff-Heidepreim David G. Lancaster Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR
description	Abstract To support the growing landscape of near to mid-IR laser applications we demonstrate a range of low propagation loss femtosecond laser (FSL) written waveguides (WGs) that have achieved guided-mode laser operation in a rare earth (RE) doped lead-germanate glass. The WGs are fabricated in both the athermal and thermal FSL writing regimes using three different pulse repetition frequencies (PRF): 100 kHz (athermal); 1 MHz; and 5 MHz (thermal). The lasing capability of Yb3+ doped lead-germanate waveguides is verified in the near-IR. The refractive index contrast (∆n) for 100 kHz WGs is ~ 1 × 10–4, while for 5 MHz, ∆n increases to ~ 5 × 10–4. The WGs in the thermal regime are less effected by self-focusing and are larger in dimensions with reduced propagation losses. For the 1 MHz repetition rate thermal writing regime we report a low propagation loss WG (0.2 dB/cm) and demonstrate laser operation with slope efficiencies of up to ~ 28%.
format	article
author	Mamoona Khalid George Y. Chen Heike Ebendorff-Heidepreim David G. Lancaster
author_facet	Mamoona Khalid George Y. Chen Heike Ebendorff-Heidepreim David G. Lancaster
author_sort	Mamoona Khalid
title	Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR
title_short	Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR
title_full	Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR
title_fullStr	Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR
title_full_unstemmed	Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR
title_sort	femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-ir
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d70ff1ccae374c41b68967c01bf5a9c4
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Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR

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