Long-Term Ecosystem Nutrient Pool Status for Aspen Forest Harvest Simulations on Glacial Till and Sandy Outwash Soils

Sandy outwash and glacial till soils compose large amounts of public forestland due to historically poor agricultural yields. The outwash soils have low fertility, poor nutrient retention and are restricted from whole-tree harvesting (WTH) in some states, whereas the glacial till has medium nutrient...

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Autores principales:	Robert P. Richard, Evan S. Kane, Dustin R. Bronson, Randall K. Kolka
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	whole-tree harvesting nutrient budget harvest intensity ecological modeling soil sustainability Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d740f5ec83564f31a01ef85cbb712447
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d740f5ec83564f31a01ef85cbb7124472021-11-25T17:38:41ZLong-Term Ecosystem Nutrient Pool Status for Aspen Forest Harvest Simulations on Glacial Till and Sandy Outwash Soils10.3390/f121115561999-4907https://doaj.org/article/d740f5ec83564f31a01ef85cbb7124472021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1556https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907Sandy outwash and glacial till soils compose large amounts of public forestland due to historically poor agricultural yields. The outwash soils have low fertility, poor nutrient retention and are restricted from whole-tree harvesting (WTH) in some states, whereas the glacial till has medium nutrient retention and fertility, and is unrestricted from WTH. To assess the long-term sustainability of harvesting, a nutrient budget was constructed from field measurements, the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) database, and literature values for stem-only harvesting (SOH) and WTH at a 45-year rotation length and 11 rotations were simulated. The budgets showed that SOH and WTH recovery years, or the time necessary for the inputs to match outputs through leaching and one harvest, exceeded common rotation lengths for both soil types under all weathering scenarios, and the average WTH reduced the total available rotations by one harvest. The large variation in soil nutrient pools and harvest removals complicated the ability to identify the difference between SOH and WTH early in the model, but differences became apparent with sequential harvests. The recovery years were 2–20 times the 45-year rotation length under all weathering rates. Taken together, models in this study bridge the gap between short- and long-term studies and bring into question the sustainability of WTH and SOH practices on nutrient-poor soils.Robert P. RichardEvan S. KaneDustin R. BronsonRandall K. KolkaMDPI AGarticlewhole-tree harvestingnutrient budgetharvest intensityecological modelingsoil sustainabilityPlant ecologyQK900-989ENForests, Vol 12, Iss 1556, p 1556 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	whole-tree harvesting nutrient budget harvest intensity ecological modeling soil sustainability Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	whole-tree harvesting nutrient budget harvest intensity ecological modeling soil sustainability Plant ecology QK900-989 Robert P. Richard Evan S. Kane Dustin R. Bronson Randall K. Kolka Long-Term Ecosystem Nutrient Pool Status for Aspen Forest Harvest Simulations on Glacial Till and Sandy Outwash Soils
description	Sandy outwash and glacial till soils compose large amounts of public forestland due to historically poor agricultural yields. The outwash soils have low fertility, poor nutrient retention and are restricted from whole-tree harvesting (WTH) in some states, whereas the glacial till has medium nutrient retention and fertility, and is unrestricted from WTH. To assess the long-term sustainability of harvesting, a nutrient budget was constructed from field measurements, the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) database, and literature values for stem-only harvesting (SOH) and WTH at a 45-year rotation length and 11 rotations were simulated. The budgets showed that SOH and WTH recovery years, or the time necessary for the inputs to match outputs through leaching and one harvest, exceeded common rotation lengths for both soil types under all weathering scenarios, and the average WTH reduced the total available rotations by one harvest. The large variation in soil nutrient pools and harvest removals complicated the ability to identify the difference between SOH and WTH early in the model, but differences became apparent with sequential harvests. The recovery years were 2–20 times the 45-year rotation length under all weathering rates. Taken together, models in this study bridge the gap between short- and long-term studies and bring into question the sustainability of WTH and SOH practices on nutrient-poor soils.
format	article
author	Robert P. Richard Evan S. Kane Dustin R. Bronson Randall K. Kolka
author_facet	Robert P. Richard Evan S. Kane Dustin R. Bronson Randall K. Kolka
author_sort	Robert P. Richard
title	Long-Term Ecosystem Nutrient Pool Status for Aspen Forest Harvest Simulations on Glacial Till and Sandy Outwash Soils
title_short	Long-Term Ecosystem Nutrient Pool Status for Aspen Forest Harvest Simulations on Glacial Till and Sandy Outwash Soils
title_full	Long-Term Ecosystem Nutrient Pool Status for Aspen Forest Harvest Simulations on Glacial Till and Sandy Outwash Soils
title_fullStr	Long-Term Ecosystem Nutrient Pool Status for Aspen Forest Harvest Simulations on Glacial Till and Sandy Outwash Soils
title_full_unstemmed	Long-Term Ecosystem Nutrient Pool Status for Aspen Forest Harvest Simulations on Glacial Till and Sandy Outwash Soils
title_sort	long-term ecosystem nutrient pool status for aspen forest harvest simulations on glacial till and sandy outwash soils
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d740f5ec83564f31a01ef85cbb712447
work_keys_str_mv	AT robertprichard longtermecosystemnutrientpoolstatusforaspenforestharvestsimulationsonglacialtillandsandyoutwashsoils AT evanskane longtermecosystemnutrientpoolstatusforaspenforestharvestsimulationsonglacialtillandsandyoutwashsoils AT dustinrbronson longtermecosystemnutrientpoolstatusforaspenforestharvestsimulationsonglacialtillandsandyoutwashsoils AT randallkkolka longtermecosystemnutrientpoolstatusforaspenforestharvestsimulationsonglacialtillandsandyoutwashsoils
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Long-Term Ecosystem Nutrient Pool Status for Aspen Forest Harvest Simulations on Glacial Till and Sandy Outwash Soils

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