Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo)

Abstract Genetic diversity feeds the evolutionary process and allows populations to adapt to environmental changes. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of why hotspots of genetic diversity are so 'hot'. Here, we analysed the relative contribution of bioclimatic stability and ge...

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Autores principales:	Andrea Chiocchio, Jan. W. Arntzen, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Wouter de Vries, Roberta Bisconti, Alice Pezzarossa, Luigi Maiorano, Daniele Canestrelli
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d76486b4fedf4afea6813117c0cebca5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d76486b4fedf4afea6813117c0cebca52021-12-02T15:08:22ZReconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo)10.1038/s41598-020-79046-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d76486b4fedf4afea6813117c0cebca52021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79046-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Genetic diversity feeds the evolutionary process and allows populations to adapt to environmental changes. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of why hotspots of genetic diversity are so 'hot'. Here, we analysed the relative contribution of bioclimatic stability and genetic admixture between divergent lineages in shaping spatial patterns of genetic diversity in the common toad Bufo bufo along the Italian peninsula. We combined population genetic, phylogeographic and species distribution modelling (SDM) approaches to map ancestral areas, glacial refugia, and secondary contact zones. We consistently identified three phylogeographic lineages, distributed in northern, central and southern Italy. These lineages expanded from their ancestral areas and established secondary contact zones, before the last interglacial. SDM identified widespread glacial refugia in peninsular Italy, sometimes located under the present-day sea-level. Generalized linear models indicated genetic admixture as the only significant predictor of the levels of population genetic diversity. Our results show that glacial refugia contributed to preserving both levels and patterns of genetic diversity across glacial-interglacial cycles, but not to their formation, and highlight a general principle emerging in Mediterranean species: higher levels of genetic diversity mark populations with substantial contributions from multiple genetic lineages, irrespective of the location of glacial refugia.Andrea ChiocchioJan. W. ArntzenIñigo Martínez-SolanoWouter de VriesRoberta BiscontiAlice PezzarossaLuigi MaioranoDaniele CanestrelliNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Andrea Chiocchio Jan. W. Arntzen Iñigo Martínez-Solano Wouter de Vries Roberta Bisconti Alice Pezzarossa Luigi Maiorano Daniele Canestrelli Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo)
description	Abstract Genetic diversity feeds the evolutionary process and allows populations to adapt to environmental changes. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of why hotspots of genetic diversity are so 'hot'. Here, we analysed the relative contribution of bioclimatic stability and genetic admixture between divergent lineages in shaping spatial patterns of genetic diversity in the common toad Bufo bufo along the Italian peninsula. We combined population genetic, phylogeographic and species distribution modelling (SDM) approaches to map ancestral areas, glacial refugia, and secondary contact zones. We consistently identified three phylogeographic lineages, distributed in northern, central and southern Italy. These lineages expanded from their ancestral areas and established secondary contact zones, before the last interglacial. SDM identified widespread glacial refugia in peninsular Italy, sometimes located under the present-day sea-level. Generalized linear models indicated genetic admixture as the only significant predictor of the levels of population genetic diversity. Our results show that glacial refugia contributed to preserving both levels and patterns of genetic diversity across glacial-interglacial cycles, but not to their formation, and highlight a general principle emerging in Mediterranean species: higher levels of genetic diversity mark populations with substantial contributions from multiple genetic lineages, irrespective of the location of glacial refugia.
format	article
author	Andrea Chiocchio Jan. W. Arntzen Iñigo Martínez-Solano Wouter de Vries Roberta Bisconti Alice Pezzarossa Luigi Maiorano Daniele Canestrelli
author_facet	Andrea Chiocchio Jan. W. Arntzen Iñigo Martínez-Solano Wouter de Vries Roberta Bisconti Alice Pezzarossa Luigi Maiorano Daniele Canestrelli
author_sort	Andrea Chiocchio
title	Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo)
title_short	Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo)
title_full	Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo)
title_fullStr	Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo)
title_full_unstemmed	Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo)
title_sort	reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in italian common toads (bufo bufo)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d76486b4fedf4afea6813117c0cebca5
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Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo)

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