The Study on Compound Drought and Heatwave Events in China Using Complex Networks

Compound extreme events can severely impact water security, food security, and social and economic development. Compared with single-hazard events, compound extreme events cause greater losses. Therefore, understanding the spatial and temporal variations in compound extreme events is important to pr...

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Autores principales:	Kaiwen Li, Ming Wang, Kai Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	compound drought and heatwave events complex network event synchronization atmospheric circulation patterns Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d7891ac71e8e414e8948b1cc1b2c70cf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d7891ac71e8e414e8948b1cc1b2c70cf2021-11-25T19:04:13ZThe Study on Compound Drought and Heatwave Events in China Using Complex Networks10.3390/su1322127742071-1050https://doaj.org/article/d7891ac71e8e414e8948b1cc1b2c70cf2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12774https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Compound extreme events can severely impact water security, food security, and social and economic development. Compared with single-hazard events, compound extreme events cause greater losses. Therefore, understanding the spatial and temporal variations in compound extreme events is important to prevent the risks they cause. Only a few studies have analyzed the spatial and temporal relations of compound extreme events from the perspective of a complex network. In this study, we define compound drought and heatwave events (CDHEs) using the monthly scale standard precipitation index (SPI), and the definition of a heatwave is based on daily maximum temperature. We evaluate the spatial and temporal variations in CDHEs in China from 1961 to 2018 and discuss the impact of maximum temperature and precipitation changes on the annual frequency and annual magnitude trends of CDHEs. Furthermore, a synchronization strength network is established using the event synchronization method, and the proposed synchronization strength index (SSI) is used to divide the network into eight communities to identify the propagation extent of CDHEs, where each community represents a region with high synchronization strength. Finally, we explore the impact of summer Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) on CDHEs in different communities. The results show that, at a national scale, the mean frequency of CDHEs takes on a non-significant decreasing trend, and the mean magnitude of CDHEs takes on a non-significant increasing trend. The significant trends in the annual frequency and annual magnitude of CDHEs are attributed to maximum temperature and precipitation changes. AMO positively modulates the mean frequency and mean magnitude of CDHEs within community 1 and 2, and negatively modulates the mean magnitude of CDHEs within community 3. PDO negatively modulates the mean frequency and mean magnitude of CDHEs within community 4. AMO and PDO jointly modulate the mean magnitude of CDHEs within community 6 and 8. Overall, this study provides a new understanding of CDHEs to mitigate their severe effects.Kaiwen LiMing WangKai LiuMDPI AGarticlecompound drought and heatwave eventscomplex networkevent synchronizationatmospheric circulation patternsEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12774, p 12774 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	compound drought and heatwave events complex network event synchronization atmospheric circulation patterns Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	compound drought and heatwave events complex network event synchronization atmospheric circulation patterns Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Kaiwen Li Ming Wang Kai Liu The Study on Compound Drought and Heatwave Events in China Using Complex Networks
description	Compound extreme events can severely impact water security, food security, and social and economic development. Compared with single-hazard events, compound extreme events cause greater losses. Therefore, understanding the spatial and temporal variations in compound extreme events is important to prevent the risks they cause. Only a few studies have analyzed the spatial and temporal relations of compound extreme events from the perspective of a complex network. In this study, we define compound drought and heatwave events (CDHEs) using the monthly scale standard precipitation index (SPI), and the definition of a heatwave is based on daily maximum temperature. We evaluate the spatial and temporal variations in CDHEs in China from 1961 to 2018 and discuss the impact of maximum temperature and precipitation changes on the annual frequency and annual magnitude trends of CDHEs. Furthermore, a synchronization strength network is established using the event synchronization method, and the proposed synchronization strength index (SSI) is used to divide the network into eight communities to identify the propagation extent of CDHEs, where each community represents a region with high synchronization strength. Finally, we explore the impact of summer Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) on CDHEs in different communities. The results show that, at a national scale, the mean frequency of CDHEs takes on a non-significant decreasing trend, and the mean magnitude of CDHEs takes on a non-significant increasing trend. The significant trends in the annual frequency and annual magnitude of CDHEs are attributed to maximum temperature and precipitation changes. AMO positively modulates the mean frequency and mean magnitude of CDHEs within community 1 and 2, and negatively modulates the mean magnitude of CDHEs within community 3. PDO negatively modulates the mean frequency and mean magnitude of CDHEs within community 4. AMO and PDO jointly modulate the mean magnitude of CDHEs within community 6 and 8. Overall, this study provides a new understanding of CDHEs to mitigate their severe effects.
format	article
author	Kaiwen Li Ming Wang Kai Liu
author_facet	Kaiwen Li Ming Wang Kai Liu
author_sort	Kaiwen Li
title	The Study on Compound Drought and Heatwave Events in China Using Complex Networks
title_short	The Study on Compound Drought and Heatwave Events in China Using Complex Networks
title_full	The Study on Compound Drought and Heatwave Events in China Using Complex Networks
title_fullStr	The Study on Compound Drought and Heatwave Events in China Using Complex Networks
title_full_unstemmed	The Study on Compound Drought and Heatwave Events in China Using Complex Networks
title_sort	study on compound drought and heatwave events in china using complex networks
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d7891ac71e8e414e8948b1cc1b2c70cf
work_keys_str_mv	AT kaiwenli thestudyoncompounddroughtandheatwaveeventsinchinausingcomplexnetworks AT mingwang thestudyoncompounddroughtandheatwaveeventsinchinausingcomplexnetworks AT kailiu thestudyoncompounddroughtandheatwaveeventsinchinausingcomplexnetworks AT kaiwenli studyoncompounddroughtandheatwaveeventsinchinausingcomplexnetworks AT mingwang studyoncompounddroughtandheatwaveeventsinchinausingcomplexnetworks AT kailiu studyoncompounddroughtandheatwaveeventsinchinausingcomplexnetworks
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The Study on Compound Drought and Heatwave Events in China Using Complex Networks

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