Correlated color temperature and light intensity: Complementary features in non-visual light field.

An appropriate exposure to the light-dark cycle, with high irradiances during the day and darkness during the night is essential to keep our physiology on time. However, considering the increasing exposure to artificial light at night and its potential harmful effects on health (i.e. chronodisruptio...

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Autores principales:	Raquel Arguelles-Prieto, Juan Antonio Madrid, Maria Angeles Rol, Maria Angeles Bonmati-Carrion
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d79404ee28d44ffdb9afe72a1bcec880
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d79404ee28d44ffdb9afe72a1bcec8802021-12-02T20:09:16ZCorrelated color temperature and light intensity: Complementary features in non-visual light field.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254171https://doaj.org/article/d79404ee28d44ffdb9afe72a1bcec8802021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254171https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203An appropriate exposure to the light-dark cycle, with high irradiances during the day and darkness during the night is essential to keep our physiology on time. However, considering the increasing exposure to artificial light at night and its potential harmful effects on health (i.e. chronodisruption and associated health conditions), it is essential to understand the non-visual effects of light in humans. Melatonin suppression is considered the gold standard for nocturnal light effects, and the activation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) through the assessment of pupillary light reflex (PLR) has been recently gaining attention. Also, some theoretical models for melatonin suppression and retinal photoreceptors activation have been proposed. Our aim in this study was to determine the influence of correlated color temperature (CCT) on melatonin suppression and PLR, considering two commercial light sources, as well as to explore the possible correlation between both processes. Also, the contribution of irradiance (associated to CCT) was explored through mathematical modelling on a wider range of light sources. For that, melatonin suppression and PLR were experimentally assessed on 16 healthy and young volunteers under two light conditions (warmer, CCT 3000 K; and cooler, CCT 5700 K, at ~5·1018 photons/cm2/sec). Our experimental results yielded greater post-stimulus constriction under the cooler (5700 K, 13.3 ± 1.9%) than under the warmer light (3000 K, 8.7 ± 1.2%) (p < 0.01), although no significant differences were found between both conditions in terms of melatonin suppression. Interestingly, we failed to demonstrate correlation between PLR and melatonin suppression. Although methodological limitations cannot be discarded, this could be due to the existence of different subpopulations of Type 1 ipRGCs differentially contributing to PLR and melatonin suppression, which opens the way for further research on ipRGCs projection in humans. The application of theoretical modelling suggested that CCT should not be considered separately from irradiance when designing nocturnal/diurnal illumination systems. Further experimental studies on wider ranges of CCTs and light intensities are needed to confirm these conclusions.Raquel Arguelles-PrietoJuan Antonio MadridMaria Angeles RolMaria Angeles Bonmati-CarrionPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254171 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Raquel Arguelles-Prieto Juan Antonio Madrid Maria Angeles Rol Maria Angeles Bonmati-Carrion Correlated color temperature and light intensity: Complementary features in non-visual light field.
description	An appropriate exposure to the light-dark cycle, with high irradiances during the day and darkness during the night is essential to keep our physiology on time. However, considering the increasing exposure to artificial light at night and its potential harmful effects on health (i.e. chronodisruption and associated health conditions), it is essential to understand the non-visual effects of light in humans. Melatonin suppression is considered the gold standard for nocturnal light effects, and the activation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) through the assessment of pupillary light reflex (PLR) has been recently gaining attention. Also, some theoretical models for melatonin suppression and retinal photoreceptors activation have been proposed. Our aim in this study was to determine the influence of correlated color temperature (CCT) on melatonin suppression and PLR, considering two commercial light sources, as well as to explore the possible correlation between both processes. Also, the contribution of irradiance (associated to CCT) was explored through mathematical modelling on a wider range of light sources. For that, melatonin suppression and PLR were experimentally assessed on 16 healthy and young volunteers under two light conditions (warmer, CCT 3000 K; and cooler, CCT 5700 K, at ~5·1018 photons/cm2/sec). Our experimental results yielded greater post-stimulus constriction under the cooler (5700 K, 13.3 ± 1.9%) than under the warmer light (3000 K, 8.7 ± 1.2%) (p < 0.01), although no significant differences were found between both conditions in terms of melatonin suppression. Interestingly, we failed to demonstrate correlation between PLR and melatonin suppression. Although methodological limitations cannot be discarded, this could be due to the existence of different subpopulations of Type 1 ipRGCs differentially contributing to PLR and melatonin suppression, which opens the way for further research on ipRGCs projection in humans. The application of theoretical modelling suggested that CCT should not be considered separately from irradiance when designing nocturnal/diurnal illumination systems. Further experimental studies on wider ranges of CCTs and light intensities are needed to confirm these conclusions.
format	article
author	Raquel Arguelles-Prieto Juan Antonio Madrid Maria Angeles Rol Maria Angeles Bonmati-Carrion
author_facet	Raquel Arguelles-Prieto Juan Antonio Madrid Maria Angeles Rol Maria Angeles Bonmati-Carrion
author_sort	Raquel Arguelles-Prieto
title	Correlated color temperature and light intensity: Complementary features in non-visual light field.
title_short	Correlated color temperature and light intensity: Complementary features in non-visual light field.
title_full	Correlated color temperature and light intensity: Complementary features in non-visual light field.
title_fullStr	Correlated color temperature and light intensity: Complementary features in non-visual light field.
title_full_unstemmed	Correlated color temperature and light intensity: Complementary features in non-visual light field.
title_sort	correlated color temperature and light intensity: complementary features in non-visual light field.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d79404ee28d44ffdb9afe72a1bcec880
work_keys_str_mv	AT raquelarguellesprieto correlatedcolortemperatureandlightintensitycomplementaryfeaturesinnonvisuallightfield AT juanantoniomadrid correlatedcolortemperatureandlightintensitycomplementaryfeaturesinnonvisuallightfield AT mariaangelesrol correlatedcolortemperatureandlightintensitycomplementaryfeaturesinnonvisuallightfield AT mariaangelesbonmaticarrion correlatedcolortemperatureandlightintensitycomplementaryfeaturesinnonvisuallightfield
_version_	1718375153044291584

Correlated color temperature and light intensity: Complementary features in non-visual light field.

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