Protective Immunity after Natural Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) – Kentucky, USA, 2020

Background: As vaccine supply and access remain limited in many parts of the world, understanding the duration of protection from reinfection after natural infection is important. Methods: Distinct individuals testing positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 between March 6, 2020, and August 31, 2020, i...

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Autores principales:	Kevin B. Spicer, Connor Glick, Alyson M. Cavanaugh, Douglas Thoroughman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2022
Materias:	SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 protective immunity after natural infection reinfection COVID-19 risk factors for reinfection Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d7bbdcf9f7b74630b1808951795cc78d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d7bbdcf9f7b74630b1808951795cc78d2021-11-22T04:19:29ZProtective Immunity after Natural Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) – Kentucky, USA, 20201201-971210.1016/j.ijid.2021.10.010https://doaj.org/article/d7bbdcf9f7b74630b1808951795cc78d2022-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971221008006https://doaj.org/toc/1201-9712Background: As vaccine supply and access remain limited in many parts of the world, understanding the duration of protection from reinfection after natural infection is important. Methods: Distinct individuals testing positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 between March 6, 2020, and August 31, 2020, in Kentucky, USA, were identified using the Kentucky National Electronic Disease Surveillance System. Individuals were followed for occurrence of a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 from 91 days after their initial test result through December 31, 2020. Protection from reinfection provided by a prior infection was calculated and additional analyses evaluated impact of age, sex, symptom status, long-term care facility connection, testing occurrence and frequency, and time from initial infection. Results: The protective effect from prior infection was 80.3% (95% CI, 78.2%–82.2%) for those aged 20–59 years and 67.4% (95% CI, 62.8%–71.4%) for those aged ≥60 years. At 30-day time periods through 270 days (with limited exceptions), protection was estimated to be >75% for those aged 20–59 years and >65% for those aged ≥60 years. Factors associated with repeat positive testing included a connection to a long-term care facility, duration of potential exposure, and absence of symptoms during initial infection. Conclusions: Natural infection provides substantial and persistent immunologic protection for a period of several months for most individuals, although subpopulations may be at greater risk of repeat positive testing and potential poor outcomes associated with reinfection. These subgroups include individuals aged ≥60 years, residents and staff of long-term care facilities, and those who have mild or asymptomatic illness with initial infection. Continued emphasis on vaccination and infection prevention and control strategies remains critically important in reducing the risk of reinfection and associated severe outcomes for these groups.Kevin B. SpicerConnor GlickAlyson M. CavanaughDouglas ThoroughmanElsevierarticleSARS-CoV-2COVID-19protective immunity after natural infectionreinfectionCOVID-19 risk factors for reinfectionInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 114, Iss , Pp 21-28 (2022)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 protective immunity after natural infection reinfection COVID-19 risk factors for reinfection Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 protective immunity after natural infection reinfection COVID-19 risk factors for reinfection Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Kevin B. Spicer Connor Glick Alyson M. Cavanaugh Douglas Thoroughman Protective Immunity after Natural Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) – Kentucky, USA, 2020
description	Background: As vaccine supply and access remain limited in many parts of the world, understanding the duration of protection from reinfection after natural infection is important. Methods: Distinct individuals testing positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 between March 6, 2020, and August 31, 2020, in Kentucky, USA, were identified using the Kentucky National Electronic Disease Surveillance System. Individuals were followed for occurrence of a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 from 91 days after their initial test result through December 31, 2020. Protection from reinfection provided by a prior infection was calculated and additional analyses evaluated impact of age, sex, symptom status, long-term care facility connection, testing occurrence and frequency, and time from initial infection. Results: The protective effect from prior infection was 80.3% (95% CI, 78.2%–82.2%) for those aged 20–59 years and 67.4% (95% CI, 62.8%–71.4%) for those aged ≥60 years. At 30-day time periods through 270 days (with limited exceptions), protection was estimated to be >75% for those aged 20–59 years and >65% for those aged ≥60 years. Factors associated with repeat positive testing included a connection to a long-term care facility, duration of potential exposure, and absence of symptoms during initial infection. Conclusions: Natural infection provides substantial and persistent immunologic protection for a period of several months for most individuals, although subpopulations may be at greater risk of repeat positive testing and potential poor outcomes associated with reinfection. These subgroups include individuals aged ≥60 years, residents and staff of long-term care facilities, and those who have mild or asymptomatic illness with initial infection. Continued emphasis on vaccination and infection prevention and control strategies remains critically important in reducing the risk of reinfection and associated severe outcomes for these groups.
format	article
author	Kevin B. Spicer Connor Glick Alyson M. Cavanaugh Douglas Thoroughman
author_facet	Kevin B. Spicer Connor Glick Alyson M. Cavanaugh Douglas Thoroughman
author_sort	Kevin B. Spicer
title	Protective Immunity after Natural Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) – Kentucky, USA, 2020
title_short	Protective Immunity after Natural Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) – Kentucky, USA, 2020
title_full	Protective Immunity after Natural Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) – Kentucky, USA, 2020
title_fullStr	Protective Immunity after Natural Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) – Kentucky, USA, 2020
title_full_unstemmed	Protective Immunity after Natural Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) – Kentucky, USA, 2020
title_sort	protective immunity after natural infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) – kentucky, usa, 2020
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2022
url	https://doaj.org/article/d7bbdcf9f7b74630b1808951795cc78d
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Protective Immunity after Natural Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) – Kentucky, USA, 2020

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