The Relationships between Water Intake and Hydration Biomarkers and the Applications for Assessing Adequate Total Water Intake among Young Adults in Hebei, China

Water is an essential nutrient for humans. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 159 young adults aged 18–23 years in Hebei, China. The total drinking fluids and water from food were obtained by 7-day 24 h fluid intake questionnaires and the duplicate portion method, respectively. Pearson’s co...

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Autores principales:	Jianfen Zhang, Guansheng Ma, Songming Du, Na Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	hydration biomarkers water intake relationship applications Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d7d089dc85ee4a1cb32dd21a479065b4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d7d089dc85ee4a1cb32dd21a479065b42021-11-25T18:34:18ZThe Relationships between Water Intake and Hydration Biomarkers and the Applications for Assessing Adequate Total Water Intake among Young Adults in Hebei, China10.3390/nu131138052072-6643https://doaj.org/article/d7d089dc85ee4a1cb32dd21a479065b42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3805https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Water is an essential nutrient for humans. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 159 young adults aged 18–23 years in Hebei, China. The total drinking fluids and water from food were obtained by 7-day 24 h fluid intake questionnaires and the duplicate portion method, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were performed to determine the relationship between fluid intake and 24 h urinary biomarkers and plasma biomarkers. A multivariable partial least squares (PLS) model was used to identify the key predictors in modeling the total water intake (TWI) with 24 h urine biomarkers. Logistic regressions of the TWI against binary variables were performed, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was analyzed to determine the cutoff value of the TWI for the optimal hydration status and dehydration without adjustments to favor either the sensitivity or specificity. In total, 156 participants (80 males and 76 females) completed the study. Strong relationships were found between the total drinking fluids, TWI, and 24 h urine biomarkers among young adults, especially for the 24 h urine volume (<i>r</i> = 0.784, <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = 0.747, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and osmolality (<i>r</i> = −0.589, <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = −0.477, <i>p</i> < 0.001), respectively. As for the FMU and plasma biomarkers, no strong relationships were found. The percentages of the variance in TWI explained by the PLS model with 13 urinary biomarkers were 66.9%. The optimal TWI values for assessing the optimal hydration and dehydration were 2892 mL and 2482 mL for young males, respectively, and 2139 mL and 1507 mL for young females, respectively. Strong relationships were found between the TWI, total drinking fluids, and 24 h urine biomarkers, but not with the FMU and plasma biomarkers, among young adults, including males and females. The 24 h urine biomarkers were more sensitive than the first morning urinary biomarkers in reflecting the fluid intake. The TWI was a reliable index for assessing the hydration statuses for young adults in free-living conditions.Jianfen ZhangGuansheng MaSongming DuNa ZhangMDPI AGarticlehydration biomarkerswater intakerelationshipapplicationsNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3805, p 3805 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hydration biomarkers water intake relationship applications Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	hydration biomarkers water intake relationship applications Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Jianfen Zhang Guansheng Ma Songming Du Na Zhang The Relationships between Water Intake and Hydration Biomarkers and the Applications for Assessing Adequate Total Water Intake among Young Adults in Hebei, China
description	Water is an essential nutrient for humans. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 159 young adults aged 18–23 years in Hebei, China. The total drinking fluids and water from food were obtained by 7-day 24 h fluid intake questionnaires and the duplicate portion method, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were performed to determine the relationship between fluid intake and 24 h urinary biomarkers and plasma biomarkers. A multivariable partial least squares (PLS) model was used to identify the key predictors in modeling the total water intake (TWI) with 24 h urine biomarkers. Logistic regressions of the TWI against binary variables were performed, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was analyzed to determine the cutoff value of the TWI for the optimal hydration status and dehydration without adjustments to favor either the sensitivity or specificity. In total, 156 participants (80 males and 76 females) completed the study. Strong relationships were found between the total drinking fluids, TWI, and 24 h urine biomarkers among young adults, especially for the 24 h urine volume (<i>r</i> = 0.784, <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = 0.747, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and osmolality (<i>r</i> = −0.589, <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = −0.477, <i>p</i> < 0.001), respectively. As for the FMU and plasma biomarkers, no strong relationships were found. The percentages of the variance in TWI explained by the PLS model with 13 urinary biomarkers were 66.9%. The optimal TWI values for assessing the optimal hydration and dehydration were 2892 mL and 2482 mL for young males, respectively, and 2139 mL and 1507 mL for young females, respectively. Strong relationships were found between the TWI, total drinking fluids, and 24 h urine biomarkers, but not with the FMU and plasma biomarkers, among young adults, including males and females. The 24 h urine biomarkers were more sensitive than the first morning urinary biomarkers in reflecting the fluid intake. The TWI was a reliable index for assessing the hydration statuses for young adults in free-living conditions.
format	article
author	Jianfen Zhang Guansheng Ma Songming Du Na Zhang
author_facet	Jianfen Zhang Guansheng Ma Songming Du Na Zhang
author_sort	Jianfen Zhang
title	The Relationships between Water Intake and Hydration Biomarkers and the Applications for Assessing Adequate Total Water Intake among Young Adults in Hebei, China
title_short	The Relationships between Water Intake and Hydration Biomarkers and the Applications for Assessing Adequate Total Water Intake among Young Adults in Hebei, China
title_full	The Relationships between Water Intake and Hydration Biomarkers and the Applications for Assessing Adequate Total Water Intake among Young Adults in Hebei, China
title_fullStr	The Relationships between Water Intake and Hydration Biomarkers and the Applications for Assessing Adequate Total Water Intake among Young Adults in Hebei, China
title_full_unstemmed	The Relationships between Water Intake and Hydration Biomarkers and the Applications for Assessing Adequate Total Water Intake among Young Adults in Hebei, China
title_sort	relationships between water intake and hydration biomarkers and the applications for assessing adequate total water intake among young adults in hebei, china
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d7d089dc85ee4a1cb32dd21a479065b4
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The Relationships between Water Intake and Hydration Biomarkers and the Applications for Assessing Adequate Total Water Intake among Young Adults in Hebei, China

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