Design and Validation of a Virtual Chemical Laboratory—An Example of Natural Science in Elementary Education

In the natural science curriculum, chemistry is a very important domain. However, when conducting chemistry experiments, safety issues need to be taken seriously, and excessive material waste may be caused during the experiment. Based on the 11-year-old student science curriculum, this paper propose...

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Autores principales:	Chi-Yi Tsai, Yu-Chen Ho, Humaira Nisar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	virtual chemistry laboratory learning motivation learning effectiveness augmented reality Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d7ff6ec212b348f5b8c1a3717bb23341
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:d7ff6ec212b348f5b8c1a3717bb23341
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d7ff6ec212b348f5b8c1a3717bb233412021-11-11T15:08:31ZDesign and Validation of a Virtual Chemical Laboratory—An Example of Natural Science in Elementary Education10.3390/app1121100702076-3417https://doaj.org/article/d7ff6ec212b348f5b8c1a3717bb233412021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10070https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417In the natural science curriculum, chemistry is a very important domain. However, when conducting chemistry experiments, safety issues need to be taken seriously, and excessive material waste may be caused during the experiment. Based on the 11-year-old student science curriculum, this paper proposed a virtual chemistry laboratory, which was designed by combining a virtual experiment application with physical teaching materials. The virtual experiment application was a virtual experiment laboratory environment created by using selected experimental equipment cards in combination with augmented reality (AR) technology. The physical teaching materials included all virtual equipment required for experiment units. Each piece of equipment had corresponding cards for learners to choose from and utilize in specific experimental operations. It was hoped that students were able to achieve the desired learning effectiveness of experimental teaching while reducing the waste of experimental materials through the virtual experimental environment. This study employed the quasi-experimental and questionnaire survey methods to evaluate both learning effectiveness and learning motivation. Eighty-one students and eight elementary school teachers were surveyed as research subjects. The experimental results revealed that significant differences in learning effectiveness existed between the experimental group and control group, indicating that the application of AR technology to teaching substantively helped enhance students’ learning effectiveness and motivation. In addition, the results of the teacher questionnaire demonstrated that the virtual chemistry laboratory proposed in this study could effectively assist with classroom teaching.Chi-Yi TsaiYu-Chen HoHumaira NisarMDPI AGarticlevirtual chemistry laboratorylearning motivationlearning effectivenessaugmented realityTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10070, p 10070 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	virtual chemistry laboratory learning motivation learning effectiveness augmented reality Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	virtual chemistry laboratory learning motivation learning effectiveness augmented reality Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Chi-Yi Tsai Yu-Chen Ho Humaira Nisar Design and Validation of a Virtual Chemical Laboratory—An Example of Natural Science in Elementary Education
description	In the natural science curriculum, chemistry is a very important domain. However, when conducting chemistry experiments, safety issues need to be taken seriously, and excessive material waste may be caused during the experiment. Based on the 11-year-old student science curriculum, this paper proposed a virtual chemistry laboratory, which was designed by combining a virtual experiment application with physical teaching materials. The virtual experiment application was a virtual experiment laboratory environment created by using selected experimental equipment cards in combination with augmented reality (AR) technology. The physical teaching materials included all virtual equipment required for experiment units. Each piece of equipment had corresponding cards for learners to choose from and utilize in specific experimental operations. It was hoped that students were able to achieve the desired learning effectiveness of experimental teaching while reducing the waste of experimental materials through the virtual experimental environment. This study employed the quasi-experimental and questionnaire survey methods to evaluate both learning effectiveness and learning motivation. Eighty-one students and eight elementary school teachers were surveyed as research subjects. The experimental results revealed that significant differences in learning effectiveness existed between the experimental group and control group, indicating that the application of AR technology to teaching substantively helped enhance students’ learning effectiveness and motivation. In addition, the results of the teacher questionnaire demonstrated that the virtual chemistry laboratory proposed in this study could effectively assist with classroom teaching.
format	article
author	Chi-Yi Tsai Yu-Chen Ho Humaira Nisar
author_facet	Chi-Yi Tsai Yu-Chen Ho Humaira Nisar
author_sort	Chi-Yi Tsai
title	Design and Validation of a Virtual Chemical Laboratory—An Example of Natural Science in Elementary Education
title_short	Design and Validation of a Virtual Chemical Laboratory—An Example of Natural Science in Elementary Education
title_full	Design and Validation of a Virtual Chemical Laboratory—An Example of Natural Science in Elementary Education
title_fullStr	Design and Validation of a Virtual Chemical Laboratory—An Example of Natural Science in Elementary Education
title_full_unstemmed	Design and Validation of a Virtual Chemical Laboratory—An Example of Natural Science in Elementary Education
title_sort	design and validation of a virtual chemical laboratory—an example of natural science in elementary education
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d7ff6ec212b348f5b8c1a3717bb23341
work_keys_str_mv	AT chiyitsai designandvalidationofavirtualchemicallaboratoryanexampleofnaturalscienceinelementaryeducation AT yuchenho designandvalidationofavirtualchemicallaboratoryanexampleofnaturalscienceinelementaryeducation AT humairanisar designandvalidationofavirtualchemicallaboratoryanexampleofnaturalscienceinelementaryeducation
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Design and Validation of a Virtual Chemical Laboratory—An Example of Natural Science in Elementary Education

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