Robot-Assisted Training for Upper Limb in Stroke (ROBOTAS): An Observational, Multicenter Study to Identify Determinants of Efficacy

Background: The loss of arm function is a common and disabling outcome after stroke. Robot-assisted upper limb (UL) training may improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of robot-assisted training using end-effector and exoskeleton robots on UL function following a stroke in...

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Autores principales:	Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Giovanni Morone, Antonino Naro, Marialuisa Gandolfi, Vitalma Liotti, Carlo D’aurizio, Sofia Straudi, Antonella Focacci, Sanaz Pournajaf, Irene Aprile, Serena Filoni, Claudia Zanetti, Maria Rosaria Leo, Lucia Tedesco, Vincenzo Spina, Carmelo Chisari, Giovanni Taveggia, Stefano Mazzoleni, Nicola Smania, Stefano Paolucci, Marco Franceschini, Donatella Bonaiuti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	robot-assisted therapy stroke exoskeleton rehabilitation upper limp therapy Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d805c1286aef435cadcae04fe183b540
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d805c1286aef435cadcae04fe183b5402021-11-25T18:00:50ZRobot-Assisted Training for Upper Limb in Stroke (ROBOTAS): An Observational, Multicenter Study to Identify Determinants of Efficacy10.3390/jcm102252452077-0383https://doaj.org/article/d805c1286aef435cadcae04fe183b5402021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/22/5245https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383Background: The loss of arm function is a common and disabling outcome after stroke. Robot-assisted upper limb (UL) training may improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of robot-assisted training using end-effector and exoskeleton robots on UL function following a stroke in real-life clinical practice. Methods: A total of 105 patients affected by a first-ever supratentorial stroke were enrolled in 18 neurorehabilitation centers and treated with electromechanically assisted arm training as an add-on to conventional therapy. Both interventions provided either an exoskeleton or an end-effector device (as per clinical practice) and consisted of 20 sessions (3/5 times per week; 6–8 weeks). Patients were assessed by validated UL scales at baseline (T0), post-treatment (T1), and at three-month follow-up (T2). The primary outcome was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the upper extremity (FMA-UE). Results: FMA-UE improved at T1 by 6 points on average in the end-effector group and 11 points on average in the exoskeleton group (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Exoskeletons were more effective in the subacute phase, whereas the end-effectors were more effective in the chronic phase (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Conclusions: robot-assisted training might help improve UL function in stroke patients as an add-on treatment in both subacute and chronic stages. Pragmatic and highmethodological studies are needed to confirm the showed effectiveness of the exoskeleton and end-effector devices.Rocco Salvatore CalabròGiovanni MoroneAntonino NaroMarialuisa GandolfiVitalma LiottiCarlo D’aurizioSofia StraudiAntonella FocacciSanaz PournajafIrene AprileSerena FiloniClaudia ZanettiMaria Rosaria LeoLucia TedescoVincenzo SpinaCarmelo ChisariGiovanni TaveggiaStefano MazzoleniNicola SmaniaStefano PaolucciMarco FranceschiniDonatella BonaiutiMDPI AGarticlerobot-assisted therapystrokeexoskeletonrehabilitationupper limp therapyMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 5245, p 5245 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	robot-assisted therapy stroke exoskeleton rehabilitation upper limp therapy Medicine R
spellingShingle	robot-assisted therapy stroke exoskeleton rehabilitation upper limp therapy Medicine R Rocco Salvatore Calabrò Giovanni Morone Antonino Naro Marialuisa Gandolfi Vitalma Liotti Carlo D’aurizio Sofia Straudi Antonella Focacci Sanaz Pournajaf Irene Aprile Serena Filoni Claudia Zanetti Maria Rosaria Leo Lucia Tedesco Vincenzo Spina Carmelo Chisari Giovanni Taveggia Stefano Mazzoleni Nicola Smania Stefano Paolucci Marco Franceschini Donatella Bonaiuti Robot-Assisted Training for Upper Limb in Stroke (ROBOTAS): An Observational, Multicenter Study to Identify Determinants of Efficacy
description	Background: The loss of arm function is a common and disabling outcome after stroke. Robot-assisted upper limb (UL) training may improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of robot-assisted training using end-effector and exoskeleton robots on UL function following a stroke in real-life clinical practice. Methods: A total of 105 patients affected by a first-ever supratentorial stroke were enrolled in 18 neurorehabilitation centers and treated with electromechanically assisted arm training as an add-on to conventional therapy. Both interventions provided either an exoskeleton or an end-effector device (as per clinical practice) and consisted of 20 sessions (3/5 times per week; 6–8 weeks). Patients were assessed by validated UL scales at baseline (T0), post-treatment (T1), and at three-month follow-up (T2). The primary outcome was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the upper extremity (FMA-UE). Results: FMA-UE improved at T1 by 6 points on average in the end-effector group and 11 points on average in the exoskeleton group (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Exoskeletons were more effective in the subacute phase, whereas the end-effectors were more effective in the chronic phase (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Conclusions: robot-assisted training might help improve UL function in stroke patients as an add-on treatment in both subacute and chronic stages. Pragmatic and highmethodological studies are needed to confirm the showed effectiveness of the exoskeleton and end-effector devices.
format	article
author	Rocco Salvatore Calabrò Giovanni Morone Antonino Naro Marialuisa Gandolfi Vitalma Liotti Carlo D’aurizio Sofia Straudi Antonella Focacci Sanaz Pournajaf Irene Aprile Serena Filoni Claudia Zanetti Maria Rosaria Leo Lucia Tedesco Vincenzo Spina Carmelo Chisari Giovanni Taveggia Stefano Mazzoleni Nicola Smania Stefano Paolucci Marco Franceschini Donatella Bonaiuti
author_facet	Rocco Salvatore Calabrò Giovanni Morone Antonino Naro Marialuisa Gandolfi Vitalma Liotti Carlo D’aurizio Sofia Straudi Antonella Focacci Sanaz Pournajaf Irene Aprile Serena Filoni Claudia Zanetti Maria Rosaria Leo Lucia Tedesco Vincenzo Spina Carmelo Chisari Giovanni Taveggia Stefano Mazzoleni Nicola Smania Stefano Paolucci Marco Franceschini Donatella Bonaiuti
author_sort	Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
title	Robot-Assisted Training for Upper Limb in Stroke (ROBOTAS): An Observational, Multicenter Study to Identify Determinants of Efficacy
title_short	Robot-Assisted Training for Upper Limb in Stroke (ROBOTAS): An Observational, Multicenter Study to Identify Determinants of Efficacy
title_full	Robot-Assisted Training for Upper Limb in Stroke (ROBOTAS): An Observational, Multicenter Study to Identify Determinants of Efficacy
title_fullStr	Robot-Assisted Training for Upper Limb in Stroke (ROBOTAS): An Observational, Multicenter Study to Identify Determinants of Efficacy
title_full_unstemmed	Robot-Assisted Training for Upper Limb in Stroke (ROBOTAS): An Observational, Multicenter Study to Identify Determinants of Efficacy
title_sort	robot-assisted training for upper limb in stroke (robotas): an observational, multicenter study to identify determinants of efficacy
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d805c1286aef435cadcae04fe183b540
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Robot-Assisted Training for Upper Limb in Stroke (ROBOTAS): An Observational, Multicenter Study to Identify Determinants of Efficacy

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