Microstructural behavior of magnetorheological elastomer undergoing durability evaluation by stress relaxation

Abstract The widespread use of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) materials in various applications has yet to be limited due to the fact that there are substantial deficiencies in current experimental and theoretical research on its microstructural durability behavior. In this study, MRE composed o...

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Autores principales:	Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari, Saiful Amri Mazlan, Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef, U. Ubaidillah, Nur Azmah Nordin, Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz, Norhasnidawani Johari, Nurhazimah Nazmi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d82d5a309cce41dab13b1004db495410
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d82d5a309cce41dab13b1004db4954102021-12-02T14:47:37ZMicrostructural behavior of magnetorheological elastomer undergoing durability evaluation by stress relaxation10.1038/s41598-021-90484-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d82d5a309cce41dab13b1004db4954102021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90484-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The widespread use of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) materials in various applications has yet to be limited due to the fact that there are substantial deficiencies in current experimental and theoretical research on its microstructural durability behavior. In this study, MRE composed of silicon rubber (SR) and 70 wt% of micron-sized carbonyl iron particles (CIP) was prepared and subjected to stress relaxation evaluation by torsional shear load. The microstructure and particle distribution of the obtained MRE was evaluated by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The influence of constant low strain at 0.01% is the continuing concern within the linear viscoelastic (LVE) region of MRE. Stress relaxation plays a significant role in the life cycle of MRE and revealed that storage modulus was reduced by 8.7%, normal force has weakened by 27%, and stress performance was reduced by 6.88% along approximately 84,000 s test duration time. This time scale was the longest ever reported being undertaken in the MRE stress relaxation study. Novel micro-mechanisms that responsible for the depleted performance of MRE was obtained by microstructurally observation using FESEM and in-phase mode of atomic force microscope (AFM). Attempts have been made to correlate strain localization produced by stress relaxation, with molecular deformation in MRE amorphous matrix. Exceptional attention was focused on the development of molecular slippage, disentanglement, microplasticity, microphase separation, and shear bands. The relation between these microstructural phenomena and the viscoelastic properties of MRE was diffusely defined and discussed. The presented MRE is homogeneous with uniform distribution of CIP. The most significant recent developments of systematic correlation between the effects of microstructural deformation and durability performance of MRE under stress relaxation has been observed and evaluated.Mohd Aidy Faizal JohariSaiful Amri MazlanMohamed Mahmoud NasefU. UbaidillahNur Azmah NordinSiti Aishah Abdul AzizNorhasnidawani JohariNurhazimah NazmiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari Saiful Amri Mazlan Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef U. Ubaidillah Nur Azmah Nordin Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz Norhasnidawani Johari Nurhazimah Nazmi Microstructural behavior of magnetorheological elastomer undergoing durability evaluation by stress relaxation
description	Abstract The widespread use of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) materials in various applications has yet to be limited due to the fact that there are substantial deficiencies in current experimental and theoretical research on its microstructural durability behavior. In this study, MRE composed of silicon rubber (SR) and 70 wt% of micron-sized carbonyl iron particles (CIP) was prepared and subjected to stress relaxation evaluation by torsional shear load. The microstructure and particle distribution of the obtained MRE was evaluated by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The influence of constant low strain at 0.01% is the continuing concern within the linear viscoelastic (LVE) region of MRE. Stress relaxation plays a significant role in the life cycle of MRE and revealed that storage modulus was reduced by 8.7%, normal force has weakened by 27%, and stress performance was reduced by 6.88% along approximately 84,000 s test duration time. This time scale was the longest ever reported being undertaken in the MRE stress relaxation study. Novel micro-mechanisms that responsible for the depleted performance of MRE was obtained by microstructurally observation using FESEM and in-phase mode of atomic force microscope (AFM). Attempts have been made to correlate strain localization produced by stress relaxation, with molecular deformation in MRE amorphous matrix. Exceptional attention was focused on the development of molecular slippage, disentanglement, microplasticity, microphase separation, and shear bands. The relation between these microstructural phenomena and the viscoelastic properties of MRE was diffusely defined and discussed. The presented MRE is homogeneous with uniform distribution of CIP. The most significant recent developments of systematic correlation between the effects of microstructural deformation and durability performance of MRE under stress relaxation has been observed and evaluated.
format	article
author	Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari Saiful Amri Mazlan Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef U. Ubaidillah Nur Azmah Nordin Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz Norhasnidawani Johari Nurhazimah Nazmi
author_facet	Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari Saiful Amri Mazlan Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef U. Ubaidillah Nur Azmah Nordin Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz Norhasnidawani Johari Nurhazimah Nazmi
author_sort	Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari
title	Microstructural behavior of magnetorheological elastomer undergoing durability evaluation by stress relaxation
title_short	Microstructural behavior of magnetorheological elastomer undergoing durability evaluation by stress relaxation
title_full	Microstructural behavior of magnetorheological elastomer undergoing durability evaluation by stress relaxation
title_fullStr	Microstructural behavior of magnetorheological elastomer undergoing durability evaluation by stress relaxation
title_full_unstemmed	Microstructural behavior of magnetorheological elastomer undergoing durability evaluation by stress relaxation
title_sort	microstructural behavior of magnetorheological elastomer undergoing durability evaluation by stress relaxation
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d82d5a309cce41dab13b1004db495410
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Microstructural behavior of magnetorheological elastomer undergoing durability evaluation by stress relaxation

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