Opposite effects of early maternal deprivation on neurogenesis in male versus female rats.

<h4>Background</h4>Major depression is more prevalent in women than in men. The underlying neurobiological mechanisms are not well understood, but recent data shows that hippocampal volume reductions in depressed women occur only when depression is preceded by an early life stressor. Thi...

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Autores principales:	Charlotte A Oomen, Carlos E N Girardi, Rudy Cahyadi, Eva C Verbeek, Harm Krugers, Marian Joëls, Paul J Lucassen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d83efdf6c14b4a2d86c2ce9f0d40d63f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d83efdf6c14b4a2d86c2ce9f0d40d63f2021-11-25T06:17:33ZOpposite effects of early maternal deprivation on neurogenesis in male versus female rats.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0003675https://doaj.org/article/d83efdf6c14b4a2d86c2ce9f0d40d63f2009-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19180242/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Major depression is more prevalent in women than in men. The underlying neurobiological mechanisms are not well understood, but recent data shows that hippocampal volume reductions in depressed women occur only when depression is preceded by an early life stressor. This underlines the potential importance of early life stress, at least in women, for the vulnerability to develop depression. Perinatal stress exposure in rodents affects critical periods of brain development that persistently alter structural, emotional and neuroendocrine parameters in adult offspring. Moreover, stress inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis, a form of structural plasticity that has been implicated a.o. in antidepressant action and is highly abundant early postnatally. We here tested the hypothesis that early life stress differentially affects hippocampal structural plasticity in female versus male offspring.<h4>Principal findings</h4>We show that 24 h of maternal deprivation (MD) at PND3 affects hippocampal structural plasticity at PND21 in a sex-dependent manner. Neurogenesis was significantly increased in male but decreased in female offspring after MD. Since no other structural changes were found in granule cell layer volume, newborn cell survival or proliferation rate, astrocyte number or gliogenesis, this indicates that MD elicits specific changes in subsets of differentiating cells and differentially affects immature neurons. The MD induced sex-specific effects on neurogenesis cannot be explained by differences in maternal care.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our data shows that early environment has a critical influence on establishing sex differences in neural plasticity and supports the concept that the setpoint for neurogenesis may be determined during perinatal life. It is tempting to speculate that a reduced level of neurogenesis, secondary to early stress exposure, may contribute to maladaptation of the HPA axis and possibly to the increased vulnerability of women to stress-related disorders.Charlotte A OomenCarlos E N GirardiRudy CahyadiEva C VerbeekHarm KrugersMarian JoëlsPaul J LucassenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 1, p e3675 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Charlotte A Oomen Carlos E N Girardi Rudy Cahyadi Eva C Verbeek Harm Krugers Marian Joëls Paul J Lucassen Opposite effects of early maternal deprivation on neurogenesis in male versus female rats.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Major depression is more prevalent in women than in men. The underlying neurobiological mechanisms are not well understood, but recent data shows that hippocampal volume reductions in depressed women occur only when depression is preceded by an early life stressor. This underlines the potential importance of early life stress, at least in women, for the vulnerability to develop depression. Perinatal stress exposure in rodents affects critical periods of brain development that persistently alter structural, emotional and neuroendocrine parameters in adult offspring. Moreover, stress inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis, a form of structural plasticity that has been implicated a.o. in antidepressant action and is highly abundant early postnatally. We here tested the hypothesis that early life stress differentially affects hippocampal structural plasticity in female versus male offspring.<h4>Principal findings</h4>We show that 24 h of maternal deprivation (MD) at PND3 affects hippocampal structural plasticity at PND21 in a sex-dependent manner. Neurogenesis was significantly increased in male but decreased in female offspring after MD. Since no other structural changes were found in granule cell layer volume, newborn cell survival or proliferation rate, astrocyte number or gliogenesis, this indicates that MD elicits specific changes in subsets of differentiating cells and differentially affects immature neurons. The MD induced sex-specific effects on neurogenesis cannot be explained by differences in maternal care.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our data shows that early environment has a critical influence on establishing sex differences in neural plasticity and supports the concept that the setpoint for neurogenesis may be determined during perinatal life. It is tempting to speculate that a reduced level of neurogenesis, secondary to early stress exposure, may contribute to maladaptation of the HPA axis and possibly to the increased vulnerability of women to stress-related disorders.
format	article
author	Charlotte A Oomen Carlos E N Girardi Rudy Cahyadi Eva C Verbeek Harm Krugers Marian Joëls Paul J Lucassen
author_facet	Charlotte A Oomen Carlos E N Girardi Rudy Cahyadi Eva C Verbeek Harm Krugers Marian Joëls Paul J Lucassen
author_sort	Charlotte A Oomen
title	Opposite effects of early maternal deprivation on neurogenesis in male versus female rats.
title_short	Opposite effects of early maternal deprivation on neurogenesis in male versus female rats.
title_full	Opposite effects of early maternal deprivation on neurogenesis in male versus female rats.
title_fullStr	Opposite effects of early maternal deprivation on neurogenesis in male versus female rats.
title_full_unstemmed	Opposite effects of early maternal deprivation on neurogenesis in male versus female rats.
title_sort	opposite effects of early maternal deprivation on neurogenesis in male versus female rats.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/d83efdf6c14b4a2d86c2ce9f0d40d63f
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Opposite effects of early maternal deprivation on neurogenesis in male versus female rats.

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