The first reported cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infectious haemorrhagic disease in Malaysia: case report

Abstract Background Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus haemorrhagic disease (EEHV HD) is the leading cause of death in captive Asian elephant calves in Asia, North America, and Europe with a mortality rate of ~ 65% in calves that are under human care. Although EEHV HD was first found in elephant...

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Autores principales:	Mei-Ho Lee, Senthilvel K. S. S. Nathan, Laura Benedict, Pakeeyaraj Nagalingam, Erin Latimer, Tom Hughes, Diana Ramirez, Jum Rafiah Abd Sukor
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Bornean elephant Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus Sabah Malaysia Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d84a130956b649f28967b640b298a9bb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d84a130956b649f28967b640b298a9bb2021-11-28T12:03:08ZThe first reported cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infectious haemorrhagic disease in Malaysia: case report10.1186/s12985-021-01694-x1743-422Xhttps://doaj.org/article/d84a130956b649f28967b640b298a9bb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01694-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1743-422XAbstract Background Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus haemorrhagic disease (EEHV HD) is the leading cause of death in captive Asian elephant calves in Asia, North America, and Europe with a mortality rate of ~ 65% in calves that are under human care. Although EEHV HD was first found in elephant camps, more recently it was identified in wild populations which poses a greater threat to the elephant population. Deaths due to EEHV HD have been seen in wild elephants, but the in-situ prevalence and mortality rate is unknown. We report the first EEHV HD cases in Malaysia from 3 wild born endangered Bornean elephant calves from Sabah with known typical clinical signs. Case presentation The first calf died within 24 h of the onset of clinical signs; the second calf died within 12 h of the onset of clinical signs. The third calf succumbed within 72 h. Necropsies revealed that all 3 calves had similar presentations of EEHV HD but in the third calf with less severity. We conducted conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) assays and found EEHV DNA at all 7 loci in the 3 calves; it was identified as EEHV1A, the virus type that has been found in most other reported cases. Conclusion Typical EEHV HD clinical signs and the molecular confirmation of EEHV by cPCR and sequencing point to EEHV as the cause of death. Further genetic investigation of the strain is in progress.Mei-Ho LeeSenthilvel K. S. S. NathanLaura BenedictPakeeyaraj NagalingamErin LatimerTom HughesDiana RamirezJum Rafiah Abd SukorBMCarticleBornean elephantElephant endotheliotropic herpesvirusSabahMalaysiaInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENVirology Journal, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Bornean elephant Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus Sabah Malaysia Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	Bornean elephant Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus Sabah Malaysia Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Mei-Ho Lee Senthilvel K. S. S. Nathan Laura Benedict Pakeeyaraj Nagalingam Erin Latimer Tom Hughes Diana Ramirez Jum Rafiah Abd Sukor The first reported cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infectious haemorrhagic disease in Malaysia: case report
description	Abstract Background Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus haemorrhagic disease (EEHV HD) is the leading cause of death in captive Asian elephant calves in Asia, North America, and Europe with a mortality rate of ~ 65% in calves that are under human care. Although EEHV HD was first found in elephant camps, more recently it was identified in wild populations which poses a greater threat to the elephant population. Deaths due to EEHV HD have been seen in wild elephants, but the in-situ prevalence and mortality rate is unknown. We report the first EEHV HD cases in Malaysia from 3 wild born endangered Bornean elephant calves from Sabah with known typical clinical signs. Case presentation The first calf died within 24 h of the onset of clinical signs; the second calf died within 12 h of the onset of clinical signs. The third calf succumbed within 72 h. Necropsies revealed that all 3 calves had similar presentations of EEHV HD but in the third calf with less severity. We conducted conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) assays and found EEHV DNA at all 7 loci in the 3 calves; it was identified as EEHV1A, the virus type that has been found in most other reported cases. Conclusion Typical EEHV HD clinical signs and the molecular confirmation of EEHV by cPCR and sequencing point to EEHV as the cause of death. Further genetic investigation of the strain is in progress.
format	article
author	Mei-Ho Lee Senthilvel K. S. S. Nathan Laura Benedict Pakeeyaraj Nagalingam Erin Latimer Tom Hughes Diana Ramirez Jum Rafiah Abd Sukor
author_facet	Mei-Ho Lee Senthilvel K. S. S. Nathan Laura Benedict Pakeeyaraj Nagalingam Erin Latimer Tom Hughes Diana Ramirez Jum Rafiah Abd Sukor
author_sort	Mei-Ho Lee
title	The first reported cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infectious haemorrhagic disease in Malaysia: case report
title_short	The first reported cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infectious haemorrhagic disease in Malaysia: case report
title_full	The first reported cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infectious haemorrhagic disease in Malaysia: case report
title_fullStr	The first reported cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infectious haemorrhagic disease in Malaysia: case report
title_full_unstemmed	The first reported cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infectious haemorrhagic disease in Malaysia: case report
title_sort	first reported cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infectious haemorrhagic disease in malaysia: case report
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d84a130956b649f28967b640b298a9bb
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The first reported cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infectious haemorrhagic disease in Malaysia: case report

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