Potential Use of CRISPR/Cas13 Machinery in Understanding Virus–Host Interaction

Prokaryotes have evolutionarily acquired an immune system to fend off invading mobile genetic elements, including viral phages and plasmids. Through recognizing specific sequences of the invading nucleic acid, prokaryotes mediate a subsequent degradation process collectively referred to as the Clust...

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Autores principales:	Mahmoud Bayoumi, Muhammad Munir
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	CRISPR-Cas Cas13 RNA interference RNA-labeling virus interference virus resistance Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d861ebec52584273a953fdd1037cd764
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d861ebec52584273a953fdd1037cd7642021-12-01T06:57:59ZPotential Use of CRISPR/Cas13 Machinery in Understanding Virus–Host Interaction1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.743580https://doaj.org/article/d861ebec52584273a953fdd1037cd7642021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.743580/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XProkaryotes have evolutionarily acquired an immune system to fend off invading mobile genetic elements, including viral phages and plasmids. Through recognizing specific sequences of the invading nucleic acid, prokaryotes mediate a subsequent degradation process collectively referred to as the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) (CRISPR–Cas) system. The CRISPR–Cas systems are divided into two main classes depending on the structure of the effector Cas proteins. Class I systems have effector modules consisting of multiple proteins, while class II systems have a single multidomain effector. Additionally, the CRISPR–Cas systems can also be categorized into types depending on the spacer acquisition components and their evolutionary features, namely, types I–VI. Among CRISPR/Cas systems, Cas9 is one of the most common multidomain nucleases that identify, degrade, and modulate DNA. Importantly, variants of Cas proteins have recently been found to target RNA, especially the single-effector Cas13 nucleases. The Cas13 has revolutionized our ability to study and perturb RNAs in endogenous microenvironments. The Cas13 effectors offer an excellent candidate for developing novel research tools in virological and biotechnological fields. Herein, in this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the recent advances of Cas13s for targeting viral RNA for either RNA-mediated degradation or CRISPR–Cas13-based diagnostics. Additionally, we aim to provide an overview of the proposed applications that could revolutionize our understanding of viral–host interactions using Cas13-mediated approaches.Mahmoud BayoumiMahmoud BayoumiMuhammad MunirFrontiers Media S.A.articleCRISPR-CasCas13RNA interferenceRNA-labelingvirus interferencevirus resistanceMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	CRISPR-Cas Cas13 RNA interference RNA-labeling virus interference virus resistance Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	CRISPR-Cas Cas13 RNA interference RNA-labeling virus interference virus resistance Microbiology QR1-502 Mahmoud Bayoumi Mahmoud Bayoumi Muhammad Munir Potential Use of CRISPR/Cas13 Machinery in Understanding Virus–Host Interaction
description	Prokaryotes have evolutionarily acquired an immune system to fend off invading mobile genetic elements, including viral phages and plasmids. Through recognizing specific sequences of the invading nucleic acid, prokaryotes mediate a subsequent degradation process collectively referred to as the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) (CRISPR–Cas) system. The CRISPR–Cas systems are divided into two main classes depending on the structure of the effector Cas proteins. Class I systems have effector modules consisting of multiple proteins, while class II systems have a single multidomain effector. Additionally, the CRISPR–Cas systems can also be categorized into types depending on the spacer acquisition components and their evolutionary features, namely, types I–VI. Among CRISPR/Cas systems, Cas9 is one of the most common multidomain nucleases that identify, degrade, and modulate DNA. Importantly, variants of Cas proteins have recently been found to target RNA, especially the single-effector Cas13 nucleases. The Cas13 has revolutionized our ability to study and perturb RNAs in endogenous microenvironments. The Cas13 effectors offer an excellent candidate for developing novel research tools in virological and biotechnological fields. Herein, in this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the recent advances of Cas13s for targeting viral RNA for either RNA-mediated degradation or CRISPR–Cas13-based diagnostics. Additionally, we aim to provide an overview of the proposed applications that could revolutionize our understanding of viral–host interactions using Cas13-mediated approaches.
format	article
author	Mahmoud Bayoumi Mahmoud Bayoumi Muhammad Munir
author_facet	Mahmoud Bayoumi Mahmoud Bayoumi Muhammad Munir
author_sort	Mahmoud Bayoumi
title	Potential Use of CRISPR/Cas13 Machinery in Understanding Virus–Host Interaction
title_short	Potential Use of CRISPR/Cas13 Machinery in Understanding Virus–Host Interaction
title_full	Potential Use of CRISPR/Cas13 Machinery in Understanding Virus–Host Interaction
title_fullStr	Potential Use of CRISPR/Cas13 Machinery in Understanding Virus–Host Interaction
title_full_unstemmed	Potential Use of CRISPR/Cas13 Machinery in Understanding Virus–Host Interaction
title_sort	potential use of crispr/cas13 machinery in understanding virus–host interaction
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d861ebec52584273a953fdd1037cd764
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Potential Use of CRISPR/Cas13 Machinery in Understanding Virus–Host Interaction

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