Increased Reliance on Carbohydrates for Aerobic Exercise in Highland Andean Leaf-Eared Mice, but Not in Highland Lima Leaf-Eared Mice
Exercise is an important performance trait in mammals and variation in aerobic capacity and/or substrate allocation during submaximal exercise may be important for survival at high altitude. Comparisons between lowland and highland populations is a fruitful approach to understanding the mechanisms f...
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oai:doaj.org-article:d872bae6823e40059cffd82de179fb7c2021-11-25T18:20:38ZIncreased Reliance on Carbohydrates for Aerobic Exercise in Highland Andean Leaf-Eared Mice, but Not in Highland Lima Leaf-Eared Mice10.3390/metabo111107502218-1989https://doaj.org/article/d872bae6823e40059cffd82de179fb7c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/11/750https://doaj.org/toc/2218-1989Exercise is an important performance trait in mammals and variation in aerobic capacity and/or substrate allocation during submaximal exercise may be important for survival at high altitude. Comparisons between lowland and highland populations is a fruitful approach to understanding the mechanisms for altitude differences in exercise performance. However, it has only been applied in very few highland species. The leaf-eared mice (LEM, genus <i>Phyllotis</i>) of South America are a promising taxon to uncover the pervasiveness of hypoxia tolerance mechanisms. Here we use lowland and highland populations of Andean and Lima LEM (<i>P. andium</i> and <i>P. limatus</i>), acclimated to common laboratory conditions, to determine exercise-induced maximal oxygen consumption (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo stretchy="false">˙</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>O<sub>2</sub>max), and submaximal exercise metabolism. Lowland and highland populations of both species showed no difference in <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo stretchy="false">˙</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>O<sub>2</sub>max running in either normoxia or hypoxia. When run at 75% of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo stretchy="false">˙</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>O<sub>2</sub>max, highland Andean LEM had a greater reliance on carbohydrate oxidation to power exercise. In contrast, highland Lima LEM showed no difference in exercise fuel use compared to their lowland counterparts. The higher carbohydrate oxidation seen in highland Andean LEM was not explained by maximal activities of glycolytic enzymes in the gastrocnemius muscle, which were equivalent to lowlanders. This result is consistent with data on highland deer mouse populations and suggests changes in metabolic regulation may explain altitude differences in exercise performance.Marie-Pierre SchippersOswaldo RamirezMargarita AranaGrant B. McClellandMDPI AGarticlealtitudecarbohydratesrespirometryaerobic capacityfuel usemuscleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENMetabolites, Vol 11, Iss 750, p 750 (2021) |
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altitude carbohydrates respirometry aerobic capacity fuel use muscle Microbiology QR1-502 |
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altitude carbohydrates respirometry aerobic capacity fuel use muscle Microbiology QR1-502 Marie-Pierre Schippers Oswaldo Ramirez Margarita Arana Grant B. McClelland Increased Reliance on Carbohydrates for Aerobic Exercise in Highland Andean Leaf-Eared Mice, but Not in Highland Lima Leaf-Eared Mice |
| description |
Exercise is an important performance trait in mammals and variation in aerobic capacity and/or substrate allocation during submaximal exercise may be important for survival at high altitude. Comparisons between lowland and highland populations is a fruitful approach to understanding the mechanisms for altitude differences in exercise performance. However, it has only been applied in very few highland species. The leaf-eared mice (LEM, genus <i>Phyllotis</i>) of South America are a promising taxon to uncover the pervasiveness of hypoxia tolerance mechanisms. Here we use lowland and highland populations of Andean and Lima LEM (<i>P. andium</i> and <i>P. limatus</i>), acclimated to common laboratory conditions, to determine exercise-induced maximal oxygen consumption (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo stretchy="false">˙</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>O<sub>2</sub>max), and submaximal exercise metabolism. Lowland and highland populations of both species showed no difference in <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo stretchy="false">˙</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>O<sub>2</sub>max running in either normoxia or hypoxia. When run at 75% of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo stretchy="false">˙</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>O<sub>2</sub>max, highland Andean LEM had a greater reliance on carbohydrate oxidation to power exercise. In contrast, highland Lima LEM showed no difference in exercise fuel use compared to their lowland counterparts. The higher carbohydrate oxidation seen in highland Andean LEM was not explained by maximal activities of glycolytic enzymes in the gastrocnemius muscle, which were equivalent to lowlanders. This result is consistent with data on highland deer mouse populations and suggests changes in metabolic regulation may explain altitude differences in exercise performance. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Marie-Pierre Schippers Oswaldo Ramirez Margarita Arana Grant B. McClelland |
| author_facet |
Marie-Pierre Schippers Oswaldo Ramirez Margarita Arana Grant B. McClelland |
| author_sort |
Marie-Pierre Schippers |
| title |
Increased Reliance on Carbohydrates for Aerobic Exercise in Highland Andean Leaf-Eared Mice, but Not in Highland Lima Leaf-Eared Mice |
| title_short |
Increased Reliance on Carbohydrates for Aerobic Exercise in Highland Andean Leaf-Eared Mice, but Not in Highland Lima Leaf-Eared Mice |
| title_full |
Increased Reliance on Carbohydrates for Aerobic Exercise in Highland Andean Leaf-Eared Mice, but Not in Highland Lima Leaf-Eared Mice |
| title_fullStr |
Increased Reliance on Carbohydrates for Aerobic Exercise in Highland Andean Leaf-Eared Mice, but Not in Highland Lima Leaf-Eared Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Increased Reliance on Carbohydrates for Aerobic Exercise in Highland Andean Leaf-Eared Mice, but Not in Highland Lima Leaf-Eared Mice |
| title_sort |
increased reliance on carbohydrates for aerobic exercise in highland andean leaf-eared mice, but not in highland lima leaf-eared mice |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/d872bae6823e40059cffd82de179fb7c |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT mariepierreschippers increasedrelianceoncarbohydratesforaerobicexerciseinhighlandandeanleafearedmicebutnotinhighlandlimaleafearedmice AT oswaldoramirez increasedrelianceoncarbohydratesforaerobicexerciseinhighlandandeanleafearedmicebutnotinhighlandlimaleafearedmice AT margaritaarana increasedrelianceoncarbohydratesforaerobicexerciseinhighlandandeanleafearedmicebutnotinhighlandlimaleafearedmice AT grantbmcclelland increasedrelianceoncarbohydratesforaerobicexerciseinhighlandandeanleafearedmicebutnotinhighlandlimaleafearedmice |
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