Hybrid T-helper cells: stabilizing the moderate center in a polarized system.

Polarization of cell phenotypes, a common strategy to achieve cell type diversity in metazoa, results from binary cell-fate decisions in the branching pedigree of development. Such "either-or" fate decisions are controlled by two opposing cell fate-determining transcription factors. Each o...

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Autor principal:	Sui Huang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d8766866e29445c2a2d70d76130572d3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d8766866e29445c2a2d70d76130572d32021-11-18T05:37:53ZHybrid T-helper cells: stabilizing the moderate center in a polarized system.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1001632https://doaj.org/article/d8766866e29445c2a2d70d76130572d32013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23976879/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885Polarization of cell phenotypes, a common strategy to achieve cell type diversity in metazoa, results from binary cell-fate decisions in the branching pedigree of development. Such "either-or" fate decisions are controlled by two opposing cell fate-determining transcription factors. Each of the two distinct "master regulators" promotes differentiation of its respective sister lineage. But they also suppress one other, leading to their mutually exclusive expression in the two ensuing lineages. Thus, promiscuous coexistence of the antagonist regulators in the same cell, the hallmark of the common "undecided" progenitor of two sister lineages, is considered unstable. This antagonism ensures robust polarization into two discretely distinct cell types. But now the immune system's T-helper (Th) cells and their two canonical subtypes, Th1 and Th2 cells, tell a different story, as revealed in three papers recently published in PLOS Biology. The intermediate state that co-expresses the two opposing master regulators of the Th1 and Th2 subtypes, T-bet and Gata3, is highly stable and is not necessarily an undecided precursor. Instead, the Th1/Th2 hybrid cell is a robust new type with properties of both Th1 and Th2 cells. These hybrid cells are functionally active and possess the benefit of moderation: self-limitation of effector T cell function to prevent excessive inflammation, a permanent risk in host defense that can cause tissue damage or autoimmunity. Gene regulatory network analysis suggests that stabilization of the intermediate center in a polarizing system can be achieved by minor tweaking of the architecture of the mutual suppression gene circuit, and thus is a design option readily available to evolution.Sui HuangPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 11, Iss 8, p e1001632 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Sui Huang Hybrid T-helper cells: stabilizing the moderate center in a polarized system.
description	Polarization of cell phenotypes, a common strategy to achieve cell type diversity in metazoa, results from binary cell-fate decisions in the branching pedigree of development. Such "either-or" fate decisions are controlled by two opposing cell fate-determining transcription factors. Each of the two distinct "master regulators" promotes differentiation of its respective sister lineage. But they also suppress one other, leading to their mutually exclusive expression in the two ensuing lineages. Thus, promiscuous coexistence of the antagonist regulators in the same cell, the hallmark of the common "undecided" progenitor of two sister lineages, is considered unstable. This antagonism ensures robust polarization into two discretely distinct cell types. But now the immune system's T-helper (Th) cells and their two canonical subtypes, Th1 and Th2 cells, tell a different story, as revealed in three papers recently published in PLOS Biology. The intermediate state that co-expresses the two opposing master regulators of the Th1 and Th2 subtypes, T-bet and Gata3, is highly stable and is not necessarily an undecided precursor. Instead, the Th1/Th2 hybrid cell is a robust new type with properties of both Th1 and Th2 cells. These hybrid cells are functionally active and possess the benefit of moderation: self-limitation of effector T cell function to prevent excessive inflammation, a permanent risk in host defense that can cause tissue damage or autoimmunity. Gene regulatory network analysis suggests that stabilization of the intermediate center in a polarizing system can be achieved by minor tweaking of the architecture of the mutual suppression gene circuit, and thus is a design option readily available to evolution.
format	article
author	Sui Huang
author_facet	Sui Huang
author_sort	Sui Huang
title	Hybrid T-helper cells: stabilizing the moderate center in a polarized system.
title_short	Hybrid T-helper cells: stabilizing the moderate center in a polarized system.
title_full	Hybrid T-helper cells: stabilizing the moderate center in a polarized system.
title_fullStr	Hybrid T-helper cells: stabilizing the moderate center in a polarized system.
title_full_unstemmed	Hybrid T-helper cells: stabilizing the moderate center in a polarized system.
title_sort	hybrid t-helper cells: stabilizing the moderate center in a polarized system.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/d8766866e29445c2a2d70d76130572d3
work_keys_str_mv	AT suihuang hybridthelpercellsstabilizingthemoderatecenterinapolarizedsystem
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Hybrid T-helper cells: stabilizing the moderate center in a polarized system.

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