Vascular Dysfunction in Malaria: Understanding the Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx

Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum results in over 400,000 deaths annually, predominantly affecting African children. In addition, non-falciparum species including vivax and knowlesi cause significant morbidity and mortality. Vascular dysfunction is a key feature in malaria pathogenesis leading...

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Autores principales:	Margaret A. Bush, Nicholas M. Anstey, Tsin W. Yeo, Salvatore M. Florence, Donald L. Granger, Esther D. Mwaikambo, J. Brice Weinberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	glycocalyx malaria glycosaminoglycans endothelium vascular dysfunction Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d8865b54113f4dfbab7a7afae15c7a09
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d8865b54113f4dfbab7a7afae15c7a092021-11-10T06:08:50ZVascular Dysfunction in Malaria: Understanding the Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx2296-634X10.3389/fcell.2021.751251https://doaj.org/article/d8865b54113f4dfbab7a7afae15c7a092021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.751251/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-634XMalaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum results in over 400,000 deaths annually, predominantly affecting African children. In addition, non-falciparum species including vivax and knowlesi cause significant morbidity and mortality. Vascular dysfunction is a key feature in malaria pathogenesis leading to impaired blood perfusion, vascular obstruction, and tissue hypoxia. Contributing factors include adhesion of infected RBC to endothelium, endothelial activation, and reduced nitric oxide formation. Endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) protects the vasculature by maintaining vessel integrity and regulating cellular adhesion and nitric oxide signaling pathways. Breakdown of eGC is known to occur in infectious diseases such as bacterial sepsis and dengue and is associated with adverse outcomes. Emerging studies using biochemical markers and in vivo imaging suggest that eGC breakdown occurs during Plasmodium infection and is associated with markers of malaria disease severity, endothelial activation, and vascular function. In this review, we describe characteristics of eGC breakdown in malaria and discuss how these relate to vascular dysfunction and adverse outcomes. Further understanding of this process may lead to adjunctive therapy to preserve or restore damaged eGC and reduce microvascular dysfunction and the morbidity/mortality of malaria.Margaret A. BushNicholas M. AnsteyTsin W. YeoTsin W. YeoTsin W. YeoSalvatore M. FlorenceDonald L. GrangerEsther D. MwaikamboJ. Brice WeinbergFrontiers Media S.A.articleglycocalyxmalariaglycosaminoglycansendotheliumvascular dysfunctionBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	glycocalyx malaria glycosaminoglycans endothelium vascular dysfunction Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	glycocalyx malaria glycosaminoglycans endothelium vascular dysfunction Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Margaret A. Bush Nicholas M. Anstey Tsin W. Yeo Tsin W. Yeo Tsin W. Yeo Salvatore M. Florence Donald L. Granger Esther D. Mwaikambo J. Brice Weinberg Vascular Dysfunction in Malaria: Understanding the Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx
description	Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum results in over 400,000 deaths annually, predominantly affecting African children. In addition, non-falciparum species including vivax and knowlesi cause significant morbidity and mortality. Vascular dysfunction is a key feature in malaria pathogenesis leading to impaired blood perfusion, vascular obstruction, and tissue hypoxia. Contributing factors include adhesion of infected RBC to endothelium, endothelial activation, and reduced nitric oxide formation. Endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) protects the vasculature by maintaining vessel integrity and regulating cellular adhesion and nitric oxide signaling pathways. Breakdown of eGC is known to occur in infectious diseases such as bacterial sepsis and dengue and is associated with adverse outcomes. Emerging studies using biochemical markers and in vivo imaging suggest that eGC breakdown occurs during Plasmodium infection and is associated with markers of malaria disease severity, endothelial activation, and vascular function. In this review, we describe characteristics of eGC breakdown in malaria and discuss how these relate to vascular dysfunction and adverse outcomes. Further understanding of this process may lead to adjunctive therapy to preserve or restore damaged eGC and reduce microvascular dysfunction and the morbidity/mortality of malaria.
format	article
author	Margaret A. Bush Nicholas M. Anstey Tsin W. Yeo Tsin W. Yeo Tsin W. Yeo Salvatore M. Florence Donald L. Granger Esther D. Mwaikambo J. Brice Weinberg
author_facet	Margaret A. Bush Nicholas M. Anstey Tsin W. Yeo Tsin W. Yeo Tsin W. Yeo Salvatore M. Florence Donald L. Granger Esther D. Mwaikambo J. Brice Weinberg
author_sort	Margaret A. Bush
title	Vascular Dysfunction in Malaria: Understanding the Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx
title_short	Vascular Dysfunction in Malaria: Understanding the Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx
title_full	Vascular Dysfunction in Malaria: Understanding the Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx
title_fullStr	Vascular Dysfunction in Malaria: Understanding the Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx
title_full_unstemmed	Vascular Dysfunction in Malaria: Understanding the Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx
title_sort	vascular dysfunction in malaria: understanding the role of the endothelial glycocalyx
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d8865b54113f4dfbab7a7afae15c7a09
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Vascular Dysfunction in Malaria: Understanding the Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx

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