Taxonomic, spatial and temporal patterns of bleaching in anemones inhabited by anemonefishes.

<h4>Background</h4>Rising sea temperatures are causing significant destruction to coral reef ecosystems due to coral mortality from thermally-induced bleaching (loss of symbiotic algae and/or their photosynthetic pigments). Although bleaching has been intensively studied in corals, littl...

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Autores principales:	Jean-Paul A Hobbs, Ashley J Frisch, Benjamin M Ford, Michele Thums, Pablo Saenz-Agudelo, Kathryn A Furby, Michael L Berumen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d8888540a83849dda122cb029e818830
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d8888540a83849dda122cb029e8188302021-11-18T09:00:36ZTaxonomic, spatial and temporal patterns of bleaching in anemones inhabited by anemonefishes.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0070966https://doaj.org/article/d8888540a83849dda122cb029e8188302013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23951056/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Rising sea temperatures are causing significant destruction to coral reef ecosystems due to coral mortality from thermally-induced bleaching (loss of symbiotic algae and/or their photosynthetic pigments). Although bleaching has been intensively studied in corals, little is known about the causes and consequences of bleaching in other tropical symbiotic organisms.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>This study used underwater visual surveys to investigate bleaching in the 10 species of anemones that host anemonefishes. Bleaching was confirmed in seven anemone species (with anecdotal reports of bleaching in the other three species) at 10 of 19 survey locations spanning the Indo-Pacific and Red Sea, indicating that anemone bleaching is taxonomically and geographically widespread. In total, bleaching was observed in 490 of the 13,896 surveyed anemones (3.5%); however, this percentage was much higher (19-100%) during five major bleaching events that were associated with periods of elevated water temperatures and coral bleaching. There was considerable spatial variation in anemone bleaching during most of these events, suggesting that certain sites and deeper waters might act as refuges. Susceptibility to bleaching varied between species, and in some species, bleaching caused reductions in size and abundance.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Anemones are long-lived with low natural mortality, which makes them particularly vulnerable to predicted increases in severity and frequency of bleaching events. Population viability will be severely compromised if anemones and their symbionts cannot acclimate or adapt to rising sea temperatures. Anemone bleaching also has negative effects to other species, particularly those that have an obligate relationship with anemones. These effects include reductions in abundance and reproductive output of anemonefishes. Therefore, the future of these iconic and commercially valuable coral reef fishes is inextricably linked to the ability of host anemones to cope with rising sea temperatures associated with climate change.Jean-Paul A HobbsAshley J FrischBenjamin M FordMichele ThumsPablo Saenz-AgudeloKathryn A FurbyMichael L BerumenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e70966 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jean-Paul A Hobbs Ashley J Frisch Benjamin M Ford Michele Thums Pablo Saenz-Agudelo Kathryn A Furby Michael L Berumen Taxonomic, spatial and temporal patterns of bleaching in anemones inhabited by anemonefishes.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Rising sea temperatures are causing significant destruction to coral reef ecosystems due to coral mortality from thermally-induced bleaching (loss of symbiotic algae and/or their photosynthetic pigments). Although bleaching has been intensively studied in corals, little is known about the causes and consequences of bleaching in other tropical symbiotic organisms.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>This study used underwater visual surveys to investigate bleaching in the 10 species of anemones that host anemonefishes. Bleaching was confirmed in seven anemone species (with anecdotal reports of bleaching in the other three species) at 10 of 19 survey locations spanning the Indo-Pacific and Red Sea, indicating that anemone bleaching is taxonomically and geographically widespread. In total, bleaching was observed in 490 of the 13,896 surveyed anemones (3.5%); however, this percentage was much higher (19-100%) during five major bleaching events that were associated with periods of elevated water temperatures and coral bleaching. There was considerable spatial variation in anemone bleaching during most of these events, suggesting that certain sites and deeper waters might act as refuges. Susceptibility to bleaching varied between species, and in some species, bleaching caused reductions in size and abundance.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Anemones are long-lived with low natural mortality, which makes them particularly vulnerable to predicted increases in severity and frequency of bleaching events. Population viability will be severely compromised if anemones and their symbionts cannot acclimate or adapt to rising sea temperatures. Anemone bleaching also has negative effects to other species, particularly those that have an obligate relationship with anemones. These effects include reductions in abundance and reproductive output of anemonefishes. Therefore, the future of these iconic and commercially valuable coral reef fishes is inextricably linked to the ability of host anemones to cope with rising sea temperatures associated with climate change.
format	article
author	Jean-Paul A Hobbs Ashley J Frisch Benjamin M Ford Michele Thums Pablo Saenz-Agudelo Kathryn A Furby Michael L Berumen
author_facet	Jean-Paul A Hobbs Ashley J Frisch Benjamin M Ford Michele Thums Pablo Saenz-Agudelo Kathryn A Furby Michael L Berumen
author_sort	Jean-Paul A Hobbs
title	Taxonomic, spatial and temporal patterns of bleaching in anemones inhabited by anemonefishes.
title_short	Taxonomic, spatial and temporal patterns of bleaching in anemones inhabited by anemonefishes.
title_full	Taxonomic, spatial and temporal patterns of bleaching in anemones inhabited by anemonefishes.
title_fullStr	Taxonomic, spatial and temporal patterns of bleaching in anemones inhabited by anemonefishes.
title_full_unstemmed	Taxonomic, spatial and temporal patterns of bleaching in anemones inhabited by anemonefishes.
title_sort	taxonomic, spatial and temporal patterns of bleaching in anemones inhabited by anemonefishes.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/d8888540a83849dda122cb029e818830
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Taxonomic, spatial and temporal patterns of bleaching in anemones inhabited by anemonefishes.

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