Frequent Replenishment Sustains the Beneficial Microbiome of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Drosophila melanogaster</named-content>

ABSTRACT We report that establishment and maintenance of the Drosophila melanogaster microbiome depend on ingestion of bacteria. Frequent transfer of flies to sterile food prevented establishment of the microbiome in newly emerged flies and reduced the predominant members, Acetobacter and Lactobacil...

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Autores principales:	Jessamina E. Blum, Caleb N. Fischer, Jessica Miles, Jo Handelsman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2013
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d888bad079f94ea68cc21d428157f396
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d888bad079f94ea68cc21d428157f3962021-11-15T15:42:31ZFrequent Replenishment Sustains the Beneficial Microbiome of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Drosophila melanogaster</named-content>10.1128/mBio.00860-132150-7511https://doaj.org/article/d888bad079f94ea68cc21d428157f3962013-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00860-13https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT We report that establishment and maintenance of the Drosophila melanogaster microbiome depend on ingestion of bacteria. Frequent transfer of flies to sterile food prevented establishment of the microbiome in newly emerged flies and reduced the predominant members, Acetobacter and Lactobacillus spp., by 10- to 1,000-fold in older flies. Flies with a normal microbiome were less susceptible than germfree flies to infection by Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Augmentation of the normal microbiome with higher populations of Lactobacillus plantarum, a Drosophila commensal and probiotic used in humans, further protected the fly from infection. Replenishment represents an unexplored strategy by which animals can sustain a gut microbial community. Moreover, the population behavior and health benefits of L. plantarum resemble features of certain probiotic bacteria administered to humans. As such, L. plantarum in the fly gut may serve as a simple model for dissecting the population dynamics and mode of action of probiotics in animal hosts. IMPORTANCE Previous studies have defined the composition of the Drosophila melanogaster microbiome in laboratory and wild-caught flies. Our study advances current knowledge in this field by demonstrating that Drosophila must consume bacteria to establish and maintain its microbiome. This finding suggests that the dominant Drosophila symbionts remain associated with their host because of repeated reintroduction rather than internal growth. Furthermore, our study shows that one member of the microbiome, Lactobacillus plantarum, protects the fly from intestinal pathogens. These results suggest that, although not always present, the microbiota can promote salubrious effects for the host. In sum, our work provides a previously unexplored mechanism of microbiome maintenance and an in vivo model system for investigating the mechanisms of action of probiotic bacteria.Jessamina E. BlumCaleb N. FischerJessica MilesJo HandelsmanAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 4, Iss 6 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Jessamina E. Blum Caleb N. Fischer Jessica Miles Jo Handelsman Frequent Replenishment Sustains the Beneficial Microbiome of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Drosophila melanogaster</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT We report that establishment and maintenance of the Drosophila melanogaster microbiome depend on ingestion of bacteria. Frequent transfer of flies to sterile food prevented establishment of the microbiome in newly emerged flies and reduced the predominant members, Acetobacter and Lactobacillus spp., by 10- to 1,000-fold in older flies. Flies with a normal microbiome were less susceptible than germfree flies to infection by Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Augmentation of the normal microbiome with higher populations of Lactobacillus plantarum, a Drosophila commensal and probiotic used in humans, further protected the fly from infection. Replenishment represents an unexplored strategy by which animals can sustain a gut microbial community. Moreover, the population behavior and health benefits of L. plantarum resemble features of certain probiotic bacteria administered to humans. As such, L. plantarum in the fly gut may serve as a simple model for dissecting the population dynamics and mode of action of probiotics in animal hosts. IMPORTANCE Previous studies have defined the composition of the Drosophila melanogaster microbiome in laboratory and wild-caught flies. Our study advances current knowledge in this field by demonstrating that Drosophila must consume bacteria to establish and maintain its microbiome. This finding suggests that the dominant Drosophila symbionts remain associated with their host because of repeated reintroduction rather than internal growth. Furthermore, our study shows that one member of the microbiome, Lactobacillus plantarum, protects the fly from intestinal pathogens. These results suggest that, although not always present, the microbiota can promote salubrious effects for the host. In sum, our work provides a previously unexplored mechanism of microbiome maintenance and an in vivo model system for investigating the mechanisms of action of probiotic bacteria.
format	article
author	Jessamina E. Blum Caleb N. Fischer Jessica Miles Jo Handelsman
author_facet	Jessamina E. Blum Caleb N. Fischer Jessica Miles Jo Handelsman
author_sort	Jessamina E. Blum
title	Frequent Replenishment Sustains the Beneficial Microbiome of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Drosophila melanogaster</named-content>
title_short	Frequent Replenishment Sustains the Beneficial Microbiome of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Drosophila melanogaster</named-content>
title_full	Frequent Replenishment Sustains the Beneficial Microbiome of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Drosophila melanogaster</named-content>
title_fullStr	Frequent Replenishment Sustains the Beneficial Microbiome of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Drosophila melanogaster</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	Frequent Replenishment Sustains the Beneficial Microbiome of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Drosophila melanogaster</named-content>
title_sort	frequent replenishment sustains the beneficial microbiome of <named-content content-type="genus-species">drosophila melanogaster</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/d888bad079f94ea68cc21d428157f396
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Frequent Replenishment Sustains the Beneficial Microbiome of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Drosophila melanogaster</named-content>

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