Distribution, toxicity load, and risk assessment of dissolved metal in surface and overlying water at the Xiangjiang River in southern China

Abstract Metal pollution in drinking water source has been under scrutiny as it seriously affects human health. This work examined 12 dissolved metals in the surface and overlying water of the Xiangjiang River, an important drinking water source in southern China, and characterized their distributio...

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Autores principales:	Zhifeng Huang, Saisai Zheng, Yan Liu, Xingru Zhao, Xiaocui Qiao, Chengyou Liu, Binghui Zheng, Daqiang Yin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d8a59f3e5d554c688cf54f786e905f30
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d8a59f3e5d554c688cf54f786e905f302021-12-02T11:45:53ZDistribution, toxicity load, and risk assessment of dissolved metal in surface and overlying water at the Xiangjiang River in southern China10.1038/s41598-020-80403-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d8a59f3e5d554c688cf54f786e905f302021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80403-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Metal pollution in drinking water source has been under scrutiny as it seriously affects human health. This work examined 12 dissolved metals in the surface and overlying water of the Xiangjiang River, an important drinking water source in southern China, and characterized their distribution, identified their possible sources, assessed their toxicity load, and determined their potential ecological and health risk. No significant difference was found in the metal concentration between surface and overlying water. The average metal concentration fell in the order of Mg > Mn > Ba > Fe > Zn > As > Sb > Ni > Cd > V > Cr > Co, and all was lower than the safety threshold in the drinking water guideline of China. Anthropogenic activities were found to be the main source of metals from correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA). According to the total heavy metal toxicity load (HMTL), 98.20%, 71.54%, 68.88%, and 7.97% of As, Cd, Sb, and Mn should be removed from the surface water to ensure safety. Most water samples from the surveyed area were found to have high ecological risk as was measured by the ecological risk index (RI). Health risk assessment showed that children are more susceptible than adults to the non-carcinogenic risk of dissolved metals, and the potential carcinogenic risk (CR) of As and Cd should be addressed. The results provide guidance for controlling the metal pollution of the Xiangjiang River and improving its quality as a drinking water source.Zhifeng HuangSaisai ZhengYan LiuXingru ZhaoXiaocui QiaoChengyou LiuBinghui ZhengDaqiang YinNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Zhifeng Huang Saisai Zheng Yan Liu Xingru Zhao Xiaocui Qiao Chengyou Liu Binghui Zheng Daqiang Yin Distribution, toxicity load, and risk assessment of dissolved metal in surface and overlying water at the Xiangjiang River in southern China
description	Abstract Metal pollution in drinking water source has been under scrutiny as it seriously affects human health. This work examined 12 dissolved metals in the surface and overlying water of the Xiangjiang River, an important drinking water source in southern China, and characterized their distribution, identified their possible sources, assessed their toxicity load, and determined their potential ecological and health risk. No significant difference was found in the metal concentration between surface and overlying water. The average metal concentration fell in the order of Mg > Mn > Ba > Fe > Zn > As > Sb > Ni > Cd > V > Cr > Co, and all was lower than the safety threshold in the drinking water guideline of China. Anthropogenic activities were found to be the main source of metals from correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA). According to the total heavy metal toxicity load (HMTL), 98.20%, 71.54%, 68.88%, and 7.97% of As, Cd, Sb, and Mn should be removed from the surface water to ensure safety. Most water samples from the surveyed area were found to have high ecological risk as was measured by the ecological risk index (RI). Health risk assessment showed that children are more susceptible than adults to the non-carcinogenic risk of dissolved metals, and the potential carcinogenic risk (CR) of As and Cd should be addressed. The results provide guidance for controlling the metal pollution of the Xiangjiang River and improving its quality as a drinking water source.
format	article
author	Zhifeng Huang Saisai Zheng Yan Liu Xingru Zhao Xiaocui Qiao Chengyou Liu Binghui Zheng Daqiang Yin
author_facet	Zhifeng Huang Saisai Zheng Yan Liu Xingru Zhao Xiaocui Qiao Chengyou Liu Binghui Zheng Daqiang Yin
author_sort	Zhifeng Huang
title	Distribution, toxicity load, and risk assessment of dissolved metal in surface and overlying water at the Xiangjiang River in southern China
title_short	Distribution, toxicity load, and risk assessment of dissolved metal in surface and overlying water at the Xiangjiang River in southern China
title_full	Distribution, toxicity load, and risk assessment of dissolved metal in surface and overlying water at the Xiangjiang River in southern China
title_fullStr	Distribution, toxicity load, and risk assessment of dissolved metal in surface and overlying water at the Xiangjiang River in southern China
title_full_unstemmed	Distribution, toxicity load, and risk assessment of dissolved metal in surface and overlying water at the Xiangjiang River in southern China
title_sort	distribution, toxicity load, and risk assessment of dissolved metal in surface and overlying water at the xiangjiang river in southern china
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d8a59f3e5d554c688cf54f786e905f30
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Distribution, toxicity load, and risk assessment of dissolved metal in surface and overlying water at the Xiangjiang River in southern China

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