A Novel Invariant Based Commutative Encryption and Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Maps

Commutative encryption and watermarking (CEW) is an emerging method that combines encryption technology with digital watermarking technology. It has the dual capability of secure transmission and copyright protection. However, the existing CEW methods for vector maps have good robustness in resistin...

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Autores principales:	Yu Li, Liming Zhang, Xiaolong Wang, Xingang Zhang, Qihang Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	commutative encryption and watermarking vector map secure transmission copyright protection Geography (General) G1-922
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d8b07a46cce64880b0d71a42a567094e
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:d8b07a46cce64880b0d71a42a567094e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d8b07a46cce64880b0d71a42a567094e2021-11-25T17:52:42ZA Novel Invariant Based Commutative Encryption and Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Maps10.3390/ijgi101107182220-9964https://doaj.org/article/d8b07a46cce64880b0d71a42a567094e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/11/718https://doaj.org/toc/2220-9964Commutative encryption and watermarking (CEW) is an emerging method that combines encryption technology with digital watermarking technology. It has the dual capability of secure transmission and copyright protection. However, the existing CEW methods for vector maps have good robustness in resisting geometric attacks but poor resistance to vertex attacks (e.g., addition, deletion, etc.). To solve this problem, here we propose a novel invariant-based CEW algorithm for vector maps, which consists of permutation-based encryption scheme and coordinates-based watermarking scheme. In the encryption scheme, the encryption key is generated via the Gaussian distribution method combined with the SHA-512 hash method; then, the double random position permutation strategy is applied to the vector map encryption. In watermarking embedding scheme, the original watermark image is scrambled via logistic chaotic encryption before embedding, and the coordinates of all the vertices are normalized. Then, the scrambled watermark image is embedded into the normalized coordinates. Results show that: proposed method is more robust to conventional attacks (e.g., vertex addition and deletion, reordering and data format conversion) and geometric attacks (e.g., scaling and translation). In addition, compared with the existing CEW methods for vector maps, the proposed method has higher security and stronger robustness against vertex attacks.Yu LiLiming ZhangXiaolong WangXingang ZhangQihang ZhangMDPI AGarticlecommutative encryption and watermarkingvector mapsecure transmissioncopyright protectionGeography (General)G1-922ENISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 718, p 718 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	commutative encryption and watermarking vector map secure transmission copyright protection Geography (General) G1-922
spellingShingle	commutative encryption and watermarking vector map secure transmission copyright protection Geography (General) G1-922 Yu Li Liming Zhang Xiaolong Wang Xingang Zhang Qihang Zhang A Novel Invariant Based Commutative Encryption and Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Maps
description	Commutative encryption and watermarking (CEW) is an emerging method that combines encryption technology with digital watermarking technology. It has the dual capability of secure transmission and copyright protection. However, the existing CEW methods for vector maps have good robustness in resisting geometric attacks but poor resistance to vertex attacks (e.g., addition, deletion, etc.). To solve this problem, here we propose a novel invariant-based CEW algorithm for vector maps, which consists of permutation-based encryption scheme and coordinates-based watermarking scheme. In the encryption scheme, the encryption key is generated via the Gaussian distribution method combined with the SHA-512 hash method; then, the double random position permutation strategy is applied to the vector map encryption. In watermarking embedding scheme, the original watermark image is scrambled via logistic chaotic encryption before embedding, and the coordinates of all the vertices are normalized. Then, the scrambled watermark image is embedded into the normalized coordinates. Results show that: proposed method is more robust to conventional attacks (e.g., vertex addition and deletion, reordering and data format conversion) and geometric attacks (e.g., scaling and translation). In addition, compared with the existing CEW methods for vector maps, the proposed method has higher security and stronger robustness against vertex attacks.
format	article
author	Yu Li Liming Zhang Xiaolong Wang Xingang Zhang Qihang Zhang
author_facet	Yu Li Liming Zhang Xiaolong Wang Xingang Zhang Qihang Zhang
author_sort	Yu Li
title	A Novel Invariant Based Commutative Encryption and Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Maps
title_short	A Novel Invariant Based Commutative Encryption and Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Maps
title_full	A Novel Invariant Based Commutative Encryption and Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Maps
title_fullStr	A Novel Invariant Based Commutative Encryption and Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Maps
title_full_unstemmed	A Novel Invariant Based Commutative Encryption and Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Maps
title_sort	novel invariant based commutative encryption and watermarking algorithm for vector maps
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d8b07a46cce64880b0d71a42a567094e
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A Novel Invariant Based Commutative Encryption and Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Maps

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