Protein Quality in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil: Assessments on Biodigestibility, Essential Amino Acid Content and Proteins of Biological Importance

Infant formulas, designed to provide similar nutritional composition and performance to human milk, are recommended when breastfeeding is not enough to provide for the nutritional needs of children under 12 months of age. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the protein quality and ess...

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Autores principales:	Cristine Couto de Almeida, Diego dos Santos Baião, Katia Christina Leandro, Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin, Marion Pereira da Costa, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	breastfeeding infant formulas protein quality whey proteins caseins HPLC Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d8c17d665dce49288c715499286543ed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d8c17d665dce49288c715499286543ed2021-11-25T18:35:25ZProtein Quality in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil: Assessments on Biodigestibility, Essential Amino Acid Content and Proteins of Biological Importance10.3390/nu131139332072-6643https://doaj.org/article/d8c17d665dce49288c715499286543ed2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3933https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Infant formulas, designed to provide similar nutritional composition and performance to human milk, are recommended when breastfeeding is not enough to provide for the nutritional needs of children under 12 months of age. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the protein quality and essential amino acid content of both starting (phase 1) and follow-up (phase 2) formulas from different manufacturers. The chemical amino acid score and protein digestibility corrected by the amino acid score were calculated. The determined protein contents in most formulas were above the maximum limit recommended by FAO and WHO guidelines and at odds with the protein contents declared in the label. All infant formulas contained lactoferrin (0.06 to 0.44 g·100 g<sup>−1</sup>) and α-lactalbumin (0.02 to 1.34 g·100 g<sup>−1</sup>) below recommended concentrations, whereas ĸ-casein (8.28 to 12.91 g·100 g<sup>−1</sup>), α-casein (0.70 to 2.28 g·100 g<sup>−1</sup>) and β-lactoglobulin (1.32 to 4.19 g·100 g<sup>−1</sup>) were detected above recommended concentrations. Essential amino acid quantification indicated that threonine, leucine and phenylalanine were the most abundant amino acids found in the investigated infant formulas. In conclusion, infant formulas are still unconforming to nutritional breast milk quality and must be improved in order to follow current global health authority guidelines.Cristine Couto de AlmeidaDiego dos Santos BaiãoKatia Christina LeandroVania Margaret Flosi PaschoalinMarion Pereira da CostaCarlos Adam Conte-JuniorMDPI AGarticlebreastfeedinginfant formulasprotein qualitywhey proteinscaseinsHPLCNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3933, p 3933 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	breastfeeding infant formulas protein quality whey proteins caseins HPLC Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	breastfeeding infant formulas protein quality whey proteins caseins HPLC Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Cristine Couto de Almeida Diego dos Santos Baião Katia Christina Leandro Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin Marion Pereira da Costa Carlos Adam Conte-Junior Protein Quality in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil: Assessments on Biodigestibility, Essential Amino Acid Content and Proteins of Biological Importance
description	Infant formulas, designed to provide similar nutritional composition and performance to human milk, are recommended when breastfeeding is not enough to provide for the nutritional needs of children under 12 months of age. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the protein quality and essential amino acid content of both starting (phase 1) and follow-up (phase 2) formulas from different manufacturers. The chemical amino acid score and protein digestibility corrected by the amino acid score were calculated. The determined protein contents in most formulas were above the maximum limit recommended by FAO and WHO guidelines and at odds with the protein contents declared in the label. All infant formulas contained lactoferrin (0.06 to 0.44 g·100 g<sup>−1</sup>) and α-lactalbumin (0.02 to 1.34 g·100 g<sup>−1</sup>) below recommended concentrations, whereas ĸ-casein (8.28 to 12.91 g·100 g<sup>−1</sup>), α-casein (0.70 to 2.28 g·100 g<sup>−1</sup>) and β-lactoglobulin (1.32 to 4.19 g·100 g<sup>−1</sup>) were detected above recommended concentrations. Essential amino acid quantification indicated that threonine, leucine and phenylalanine were the most abundant amino acids found in the investigated infant formulas. In conclusion, infant formulas are still unconforming to nutritional breast milk quality and must be improved in order to follow current global health authority guidelines.
format	article
author	Cristine Couto de Almeida Diego dos Santos Baião Katia Christina Leandro Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin Marion Pereira da Costa Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
author_facet	Cristine Couto de Almeida Diego dos Santos Baião Katia Christina Leandro Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin Marion Pereira da Costa Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
author_sort	Cristine Couto de Almeida
title	Protein Quality in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil: Assessments on Biodigestibility, Essential Amino Acid Content and Proteins of Biological Importance
title_short	Protein Quality in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil: Assessments on Biodigestibility, Essential Amino Acid Content and Proteins of Biological Importance
title_full	Protein Quality in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil: Assessments on Biodigestibility, Essential Amino Acid Content and Proteins of Biological Importance
title_fullStr	Protein Quality in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil: Assessments on Biodigestibility, Essential Amino Acid Content and Proteins of Biological Importance
title_full_unstemmed	Protein Quality in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil: Assessments on Biodigestibility, Essential Amino Acid Content and Proteins of Biological Importance
title_sort	protein quality in infant formulas marketed in brazil: assessments on biodigestibility, essential amino acid content and proteins of biological importance
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d8c17d665dce49288c715499286543ed
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Protein Quality in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil: Assessments on Biodigestibility, Essential Amino Acid Content and Proteins of Biological Importance

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