Enhanced Electrocatalytic Detection of Choline Based on CNTs and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials

Choline is an officially established essential nutrient and precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is employed as a cholinergic activity marker in the early diagnosis of brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Low levels of choline in diets and biological fluids, su...

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Autores principales:	Gloria E. Uwaya, Omolola E. Fayemi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electrocatalytic activity choline electrochemical sensor carbon nanotubes metal oxide nanomaterials Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d8e11570abc04d67bda3c6e11713ef09
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d8e11570abc04d67bda3c6e11713ef092021-11-11T18:30:24ZEnhanced Electrocatalytic Detection of Choline Based on CNTs and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials10.3390/molecules262165121420-3049https://doaj.org/article/d8e11570abc04d67bda3c6e11713ef092021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6512https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049Choline is an officially established essential nutrient and precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is employed as a cholinergic activity marker in the early diagnosis of brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Low levels of choline in diets and biological fluids, such as blood plasma, urine, cerebrospinal and amniotic fluid, could be an indication of neurological disorder, fatty liver disease, neural tube defects and hemorrhagic kidney necrosis. Meanwhile, it is known that choline metabolism involves oxidation, which frees its methyl groups for entrance into single-C metabolism occurring in three phases: choline oxidase, betaine synthesis and transfer of methyl groups to homocysteine. Electrocatalytic detection of choline is of physiological and pathological significance because choline is involved in the physiological processes in the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems and thus requires a more reliable assay for its determination in biological, food and pharmaceutical samples. Despite the use of several methods for choline determination, the superior sensitivity, high selectivity and fast analysis response time of bioanalytical-based sensors invariably have a comparative advantage over conventional analytical techniques. This review focuses on the electrocatalytic activity of nanomaterials, specifically carbon nanotubes (CNTs), CNT nanocomposites and metal/metal oxide-modified electrodes, towards choline detection using electrochemical sensors (enzyme and non-enzyme based), and various electrochemical techniques. From the survey, the electrochemical performance of the choline sensors investigated, in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and stability, is ascribed to the presence of these nanomaterials.Gloria E. UwayaOmolola E. FayemiMDPI AGarticleelectrocatalytic activitycholineelectrochemical sensorcarbon nanotubesmetal oxidenanomaterialsOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6512, p 6512 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electrocatalytic activity choline electrochemical sensor carbon nanotubes metal oxide nanomaterials Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	electrocatalytic activity choline electrochemical sensor carbon nanotubes metal oxide nanomaterials Organic chemistry QD241-441 Gloria E. Uwaya Omolola E. Fayemi Enhanced Electrocatalytic Detection of Choline Based on CNTs and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
description	Choline is an officially established essential nutrient and precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is employed as a cholinergic activity marker in the early diagnosis of brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Low levels of choline in diets and biological fluids, such as blood plasma, urine, cerebrospinal and amniotic fluid, could be an indication of neurological disorder, fatty liver disease, neural tube defects and hemorrhagic kidney necrosis. Meanwhile, it is known that choline metabolism involves oxidation, which frees its methyl groups for entrance into single-C metabolism occurring in three phases: choline oxidase, betaine synthesis and transfer of methyl groups to homocysteine. Electrocatalytic detection of choline is of physiological and pathological significance because choline is involved in the physiological processes in the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems and thus requires a more reliable assay for its determination in biological, food and pharmaceutical samples. Despite the use of several methods for choline determination, the superior sensitivity, high selectivity and fast analysis response time of bioanalytical-based sensors invariably have a comparative advantage over conventional analytical techniques. This review focuses on the electrocatalytic activity of nanomaterials, specifically carbon nanotubes (CNTs), CNT nanocomposites and metal/metal oxide-modified electrodes, towards choline detection using electrochemical sensors (enzyme and non-enzyme based), and various electrochemical techniques. From the survey, the electrochemical performance of the choline sensors investigated, in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and stability, is ascribed to the presence of these nanomaterials.
format	article
author	Gloria E. Uwaya Omolola E. Fayemi
author_facet	Gloria E. Uwaya Omolola E. Fayemi
author_sort	Gloria E. Uwaya
title	Enhanced Electrocatalytic Detection of Choline Based on CNTs and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
title_short	Enhanced Electrocatalytic Detection of Choline Based on CNTs and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
title_full	Enhanced Electrocatalytic Detection of Choline Based on CNTs and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
title_fullStr	Enhanced Electrocatalytic Detection of Choline Based on CNTs and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
title_full_unstemmed	Enhanced Electrocatalytic Detection of Choline Based on CNTs and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
title_sort	enhanced electrocatalytic detection of choline based on cnts and metal oxide nanomaterials
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d8e11570abc04d67bda3c6e11713ef09
work_keys_str_mv	AT gloriaeuwaya enhancedelectrocatalyticdetectionofcholinebasedoncntsandmetaloxidenanomaterials AT omololaefayemi enhancedelectrocatalyticdetectionofcholinebasedoncntsandmetaloxidenanomaterials
_version_	1718431853296222208

Enhanced Electrocatalytic Detection of Choline Based on CNTs and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials

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