Gender-based Barriers in the Advancement of Women Leaders in Emergency Medicine: A Multi-institutional Qualitative Study

Introduction: Leadership positions occupied by women within academic emergency medicine have remained stagnant despite increasing numbers of women with faculty appointments. We distributed a multi-institutional survey to women faculty and residents to evaluate categorical characteristics contributin...

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Autores principales:	Emily M. Graham, Meganne N. Ferrel, Katie M. Wells, Daniel J. Egan, Casey Z. MacVane, Michael A. Gisondi, Boyd D. Burns, Troy E. Madsen, Megan L. Fix
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	eScholarship Publishing, University of California 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid RC86-88.9
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d90c3e2e23484ee7ace23381d598c1ee
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d90c3e2e23484ee7ace23381d598c1ee2021-11-17T15:19:27ZGender-based Barriers in the Advancement of Women Leaders in Emergency Medicine: A Multi-institutional Qualitative Study1936-901810.5811/westjem.2021.7.52826https://doaj.org/article/d90c3e2e23484ee7ace23381d598c1ee2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/53c707nthttps://doaj.org/toc/1936-9018Introduction: Leadership positions occupied by women within academic emergency medicine have remained stagnant despite increasing numbers of women with faculty appointments. We distributed a multi-institutional survey to women faculty and residents to evaluate categorical characteristics contributing to success and differences between the two groups. Methods: An institutional review board-approved electronic survey was distributed to women faculty and residents at eight institutions and were completed anonymously. We created survey questions to assess multiple categories: determination; resiliency; career support and obstacles; career aspiration; and gender discrimination. Most questions used a Likert five-point scale. Responses for each question and category were averaged and deemed significant if the average was greater than or equal to 4 in the affirmative, or less than or equal to 2 in the negative. We calculated proportions for binary questions. Results: The overall response rate was 55.23% (95/172). The faculty response rate was 54.1% (59/109) and residents’ response rate was 57.1% (36/63). Significant levels of resiliency were reported, with a mean score of 4.02. Childbearing and rearing were not significant barriers overall but were more commonly reported as barriers for faculty over residents (P <0.001). Obstacles reported included a lack of confidence during work-related negotiations and insufficient research experience. Notably, 68.4% (65/95) of respondents experienced gender discrimination and 9.5% (9/95) reported at least one encounter of sexual assault by a colleague or supervisor during their career. Conclusion: Targeted interventions to promote female leadership in academic emergency medicine include coaching on negotiation skills, improved resources and mentorship to support research, and enforcement of safe work environments. Female emergency physician resiliency is high and not a barrier to career advancement.Emily M. GrahamMeganne N. FerrelKatie M. WellsDaniel J. EganCasey Z. MacVaneMichael A. GisondiBoyd D. BurnsTroy E. MadsenMegan L. FixeScholarship Publishing, University of CaliforniaarticleMedicineRMedical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aidRC86-88.9ENWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol 22, Iss 6 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid RC86-88.9
spellingShingle	Medicine R Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid RC86-88.9 Emily M. Graham Meganne N. Ferrel Katie M. Wells Daniel J. Egan Casey Z. MacVane Michael A. Gisondi Boyd D. Burns Troy E. Madsen Megan L. Fix Gender-based Barriers in the Advancement of Women Leaders in Emergency Medicine: A Multi-institutional Qualitative Study
description	Introduction: Leadership positions occupied by women within academic emergency medicine have remained stagnant despite increasing numbers of women with faculty appointments. We distributed a multi-institutional survey to women faculty and residents to evaluate categorical characteristics contributing to success and differences between the two groups. Methods: An institutional review board-approved electronic survey was distributed to women faculty and residents at eight institutions and were completed anonymously. We created survey questions to assess multiple categories: determination; resiliency; career support and obstacles; career aspiration; and gender discrimination. Most questions used a Likert five-point scale. Responses for each question and category were averaged and deemed significant if the average was greater than or equal to 4 in the affirmative, or less than or equal to 2 in the negative. We calculated proportions for binary questions. Results: The overall response rate was 55.23% (95/172). The faculty response rate was 54.1% (59/109) and residents’ response rate was 57.1% (36/63). Significant levels of resiliency were reported, with a mean score of 4.02. Childbearing and rearing were not significant barriers overall but were more commonly reported as barriers for faculty over residents (P <0.001). Obstacles reported included a lack of confidence during work-related negotiations and insufficient research experience. Notably, 68.4% (65/95) of respondents experienced gender discrimination and 9.5% (9/95) reported at least one encounter of sexual assault by a colleague or supervisor during their career. Conclusion: Targeted interventions to promote female leadership in academic emergency medicine include coaching on negotiation skills, improved resources and mentorship to support research, and enforcement of safe work environments. Female emergency physician resiliency is high and not a barrier to career advancement.
format	article
author	Emily M. Graham Meganne N. Ferrel Katie M. Wells Daniel J. Egan Casey Z. MacVane Michael A. Gisondi Boyd D. Burns Troy E. Madsen Megan L. Fix
author_facet	Emily M. Graham Meganne N. Ferrel Katie M. Wells Daniel J. Egan Casey Z. MacVane Michael A. Gisondi Boyd D. Burns Troy E. Madsen Megan L. Fix
author_sort	Emily M. Graham
title	Gender-based Barriers in the Advancement of Women Leaders in Emergency Medicine: A Multi-institutional Qualitative Study
title_short	Gender-based Barriers in the Advancement of Women Leaders in Emergency Medicine: A Multi-institutional Qualitative Study
title_full	Gender-based Barriers in the Advancement of Women Leaders in Emergency Medicine: A Multi-institutional Qualitative Study
title_fullStr	Gender-based Barriers in the Advancement of Women Leaders in Emergency Medicine: A Multi-institutional Qualitative Study
title_full_unstemmed	Gender-based Barriers in the Advancement of Women Leaders in Emergency Medicine: A Multi-institutional Qualitative Study
title_sort	gender-based barriers in the advancement of women leaders in emergency medicine: a multi-institutional qualitative study
publisher	eScholarship Publishing, University of California
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d90c3e2e23484ee7ace23381d598c1ee
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Gender-based Barriers in the Advancement of Women Leaders in Emergency Medicine: A Multi-institutional Qualitative Study

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