Simultaneous Detection of Seven Alternaria Toxins in Mixed Fruit Puree by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with a Modified QuEChERS

The presence of Alternaria toxins (ATs) in fruit purees may cause potential harm to the life and health of consumers. As time passes, ATs have become the key detection objects in this kind of food. Based on this, a novel and rapid method was e...

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Autores principales:	Jiali Xing, Zigeng Zhang, Ruihang Zheng, Xiaorong Xu, Lingyan Mao, Jingping Lu, Jian Shen, Xianjun Dai, Zhenfeng Yang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Alternaria</i> toxins modified QuEChERS method ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry mixed fruit puree Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d91398d263e641358710d398541b8078
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d91398d263e641358710d398541b80782021-11-25T19:08:59ZSimultaneous Detection of Seven <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Mixed Fruit Puree by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with a Modified QuEChERS10.3390/toxins131108082072-6651https://doaj.org/article/d91398d263e641358710d398541b80782021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/11/808https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651The presence of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins (<i>A</i>Ts) in fruit purees may cause potential harm to the life and health of consumers. As time passes, <i>A</i>Ts have become the key detection objects in this kind of food. Based on this, a novel and rapid method was established in this paper for the simultaneous detection of seven <i>A</i>TS (tenuazonic acid, alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene, tentoxin, altenusin, and altertoxin I) in mixed fruit purees using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was prepared using the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method to complete the extraction and clean-up steps in one procedure. In this QuEChERS method, sample was extracted with water and acetonitrile (1.5% formic acid), then salted out with NaCl, separated on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C<sub>18</sub> with gradient elution by using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous as eluent, and detected by UPLC-MS/MS under positive (ESI<sup>+</sup>) and negative (ESI<sup>−</sup>) electrospray ionization and MRM models. Results showed that the seven <i>A</i>Ts exhibited a good linearity in the concentration range of 0.5–200 ng/mL with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.9925, and the limits of detection (LODs) of the instrument were in the range of 0.18–0.53 μg/kg. The average recoveries ranged from 79.5% to 106.7%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) no more than 9.78% at spiked levels of 5, 10, and 20 μg/kg for seven <i>A</i>Ts. The established method was applied to the determination and analysis of the seven <i>A</i>Ts in 80 mixed fruit puree samples. The results showed that <i>A</i>Ts were detected in 31 of the 80 samples, and the content of <i>A</i>Ts ranged from 1.32 μg/kg to 54.89 μg/kg. Moreover, the content of TeA was the highest in the detected samples (23.32–54.89 μg/kg), while the detection rate of Ten (24/31 samples) was higher than the other <i>A</i>Ts. Furthermore, the other five <i>A</i>Ts had similar and lower levels of contamination. The method established in this paper is accurate, rapid, simple, sensitive, repeatable, and stable, and can be used for the practical determination of seven <i>A</i>Ts in fruit puree or other similar samples. Moreover, this method could provide theory foundation for the establishment of limit standard of <i>A</i>Ts and provide a reference for the development of similar detection standard methods in the future.Jiali XingZigeng ZhangRuihang ZhengXiaorong XuLingyan MaoJingping LuJian ShenXianjun DaiZhenfeng YangMDPI AGarticle<i>Alternaria</i> toxinsmodified QuEChERS methodultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometrymixed fruit pureeMedicineRENToxins, Vol 13, Iss 808, p 808 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Alternaria</i> toxins modified QuEChERS method ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry mixed fruit puree Medicine R
spellingShingle	<i>Alternaria</i> toxins modified QuEChERS method ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry mixed fruit puree Medicine R Jiali Xing Zigeng Zhang Ruihang Zheng Xiaorong Xu Lingyan Mao Jingping Lu Jian Shen Xianjun Dai Zhenfeng Yang Simultaneous Detection of Seven <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Mixed Fruit Puree by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with a Modified QuEChERS
description	The presence of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins (<i>A</i>Ts) in fruit purees may cause potential harm to the life and health of consumers. As time passes, <i>A</i>Ts have become the key detection objects in this kind of food. Based on this, a novel and rapid method was established in this paper for the simultaneous detection of seven <i>A</i>TS (tenuazonic acid, alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene, tentoxin, altenusin, and altertoxin I) in mixed fruit purees using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was prepared using the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method to complete the extraction and clean-up steps in one procedure. In this QuEChERS method, sample was extracted with water and acetonitrile (1.5% formic acid), then salted out with NaCl, separated on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C<sub>18</sub> with gradient elution by using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous as eluent, and detected by UPLC-MS/MS under positive (ESI<sup>+</sup>) and negative (ESI<sup>−</sup>) electrospray ionization and MRM models. Results showed that the seven <i>A</i>Ts exhibited a good linearity in the concentration range of 0.5–200 ng/mL with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.9925, and the limits of detection (LODs) of the instrument were in the range of 0.18–0.53 μg/kg. The average recoveries ranged from 79.5% to 106.7%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) no more than 9.78% at spiked levels of 5, 10, and 20 μg/kg for seven <i>A</i>Ts. The established method was applied to the determination and analysis of the seven <i>A</i>Ts in 80 mixed fruit puree samples. The results showed that <i>A</i>Ts were detected in 31 of the 80 samples, and the content of <i>A</i>Ts ranged from 1.32 μg/kg to 54.89 μg/kg. Moreover, the content of TeA was the highest in the detected samples (23.32–54.89 μg/kg), while the detection rate of Ten (24/31 samples) was higher than the other <i>A</i>Ts. Furthermore, the other five <i>A</i>Ts had similar and lower levels of contamination. The method established in this paper is accurate, rapid, simple, sensitive, repeatable, and stable, and can be used for the practical determination of seven <i>A</i>Ts in fruit puree or other similar samples. Moreover, this method could provide theory foundation for the establishment of limit standard of <i>A</i>Ts and provide a reference for the development of similar detection standard methods in the future.
format	article
author	Jiali Xing Zigeng Zhang Ruihang Zheng Xiaorong Xu Lingyan Mao Jingping Lu Jian Shen Xianjun Dai Zhenfeng Yang
author_facet	Jiali Xing Zigeng Zhang Ruihang Zheng Xiaorong Xu Lingyan Mao Jingping Lu Jian Shen Xianjun Dai Zhenfeng Yang
author_sort	Jiali Xing
title	Simultaneous Detection of Seven <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Mixed Fruit Puree by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with a Modified QuEChERS
title_short	Simultaneous Detection of Seven <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Mixed Fruit Puree by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with a Modified QuEChERS
title_full	Simultaneous Detection of Seven <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Mixed Fruit Puree by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with a Modified QuEChERS
title_fullStr	Simultaneous Detection of Seven <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Mixed Fruit Puree by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with a Modified QuEChERS
title_full_unstemmed	Simultaneous Detection of Seven <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Mixed Fruit Puree by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with a Modified QuEChERS
title_sort	simultaneous detection of seven <i>alternaria</i> toxins in mixed fruit puree by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with a modified quechers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d91398d263e641358710d398541b8078
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Simultaneous Detection of Seven <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Mixed Fruit Puree by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with a Modified QuEChERS

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