Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States.

Cryptococcus gattii causes life-threatening disease in otherwise healthy hosts and to a lesser extent in immunocompromised hosts. The highest incidence for this disease is on Vancouver Island, Canada, where an outbreak is expanding into neighboring regions including mainland British Columbia and the...

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Autores principales:	Edmond J Byrnes, Wenjun Li, Yonathan Lewit, Hansong Ma, Kerstin Voelz, Ping Ren, Dee A Carter, Vishnu Chaturvedi, Robert J Bildfell, Robin C May, Joseph Heitman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d9374ee7b4fc44de9c5fa8f765fdec5e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d9374ee7b4fc44de9c5fa8f765fdec5e2021-11-25T05:48:08ZEmergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1000850https://doaj.org/article/d9374ee7b4fc44de9c5fa8f765fdec5e2010-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20421942/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Cryptococcus gattii causes life-threatening disease in otherwise healthy hosts and to a lesser extent in immunocompromised hosts. The highest incidence for this disease is on Vancouver Island, Canada, where an outbreak is expanding into neighboring regions including mainland British Columbia and the United States. This outbreak is caused predominantly by C. gattii molecular type VGII, specifically VGIIa/major. In addition, a novel genotype, VGIIc, has emerged in Oregon and is now a major source of illness in the region. Through molecular epidemiology and population analysis of MLST and VNTR markers, we show that the VGIIc group is clonal and hypothesize it arose recently. The VGIIa/IIc outbreak lineages are sexually fertile and studies support ongoing recombination in the global VGII population. This illustrates two hallmarks of emerging outbreaks: high clonality and the emergence of novel genotypes via recombination. In macrophage and murine infections, the novel VGIIc genotype and VGIIa/major isolates from the United States are highly virulent compared to similar non-outbreak VGIIa/major-related isolates. Combined MLST-VNTR analysis distinguishes clonal expansion of the VGIIa/major outbreak genotype from related but distinguishable less-virulent genotypes isolated from other geographic regions. Our evidence documents emerging hypervirulent genotypes in the United States that may expand further and provides insight into the possible molecular and geographic origins of the outbreak.Edmond J ByrnesWenjun LiYonathan LewitHansong MaKerstin VoelzPing RenDee A CarterVishnu ChaturvediRobert J BildfellRobin C MayJoseph HeitmanPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 6, Iss 4, p e1000850 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Edmond J Byrnes Wenjun Li Yonathan Lewit Hansong Ma Kerstin Voelz Ping Ren Dee A Carter Vishnu Chaturvedi Robert J Bildfell Robin C May Joseph Heitman Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States.
description	Cryptococcus gattii causes life-threatening disease in otherwise healthy hosts and to a lesser extent in immunocompromised hosts. The highest incidence for this disease is on Vancouver Island, Canada, where an outbreak is expanding into neighboring regions including mainland British Columbia and the United States. This outbreak is caused predominantly by C. gattii molecular type VGII, specifically VGIIa/major. In addition, a novel genotype, VGIIc, has emerged in Oregon and is now a major source of illness in the region. Through molecular epidemiology and population analysis of MLST and VNTR markers, we show that the VGIIc group is clonal and hypothesize it arose recently. The VGIIa/IIc outbreak lineages are sexually fertile and studies support ongoing recombination in the global VGII population. This illustrates two hallmarks of emerging outbreaks: high clonality and the emergence of novel genotypes via recombination. In macrophage and murine infections, the novel VGIIc genotype and VGIIa/major isolates from the United States are highly virulent compared to similar non-outbreak VGIIa/major-related isolates. Combined MLST-VNTR analysis distinguishes clonal expansion of the VGIIa/major outbreak genotype from related but distinguishable less-virulent genotypes isolated from other geographic regions. Our evidence documents emerging hypervirulent genotypes in the United States that may expand further and provides insight into the possible molecular and geographic origins of the outbreak.
format	article
author	Edmond J Byrnes Wenjun Li Yonathan Lewit Hansong Ma Kerstin Voelz Ping Ren Dee A Carter Vishnu Chaturvedi Robert J Bildfell Robin C May Joseph Heitman
author_facet	Edmond J Byrnes Wenjun Li Yonathan Lewit Hansong Ma Kerstin Voelz Ping Ren Dee A Carter Vishnu Chaturvedi Robert J Bildfell Robin C May Joseph Heitman
author_sort	Edmond J Byrnes
title	Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States.
title_short	Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States.
title_full	Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States.
title_fullStr	Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States.
title_full_unstemmed	Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States.
title_sort	emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest united states.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/d9374ee7b4fc44de9c5fa8f765fdec5e
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Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States.

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