Dynamic Adjustment of Weighted GCC-PHAT for Position Estimation in an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System

Ultrasonic local positioning systems (ULPS) have been brought to the attention of researchers as one of the possibilities that can be used for indoor localization. Acoustic systems combine a suitable trade-off between precision, ease of development, and cost. This work proposes a method for measurin...

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Autores principales:	José Manuel Villadangos, Jesús Ureña, Juan Jesús García-Domínguez, Ana Jiménez-Martín, Álvaro Hernández, Mª Carmen Pérez-Rubio
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	generalized cross-correlation ultrasonic local positioning system multilateration Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d943a6f2d46b484cb0d80c8d118307e5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d943a6f2d46b484cb0d80c8d118307e52021-11-11T19:04:40ZDynamic Adjustment of Weighted GCC-PHAT for Position Estimation in an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System10.3390/s212170511424-8220https://doaj.org/article/d943a6f2d46b484cb0d80c8d118307e52021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7051https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220Ultrasonic local positioning systems (ULPS) have been brought to the attention of researchers as one of the possibilities that can be used for indoor localization. Acoustic systems combine a suitable trade-off between precision, ease of development, and cost. This work proposes a method for measuring the time of arrival of encoded emissions from a set of ultrasonic beacons, which are used to implement an accurate ULPS. This method uses the generalized cross-correlation technique with PHAT filter and weighting factor <i>β</i> (GCC-PHAT-<i>β</i>). To improve the performance of the GCC-PHAT-<i>β</i> in encoded emission detection, the employment is proposed of mixed-medium multiple-access techniques, based on code division and time division multiplexing of beacon emissions (CDMA and TDMA respectively), and to dynamically adjust the PHAT filter weighting factor. The receiver position is obtained by hyperbolic multilateration from the time differences of arrival (TDoA) between a reference beacon and the rest, thus avoiding the need for receiver synchronization. The results show how the dynamic adaptation of the weighting factor significantly reduces positioning errors from 20 cm to 2 cm in 80% of measurements. The simulated and real experiments prove that the proposed algorithms improve the performance of the ULPS in situations with lower signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) than 0 dB and in environments where the multipath effect makes it difficult to correctly detect the encoded ultrasonic emissions.José Manuel VilladangosJesús UreñaJuan Jesús García-DomínguezAna Jiménez-MartínÁlvaro HernándezMª Carmen Pérez-RubioMDPI AGarticlegeneralized cross-correlationultrasonic local positioning systemmultilaterationChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7051, p 7051 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	generalized cross-correlation ultrasonic local positioning system multilateration Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	generalized cross-correlation ultrasonic local positioning system multilateration Chemical technology TP1-1185 José Manuel Villadangos Jesús Ureña Juan Jesús García-Domínguez Ana Jiménez-Martín Álvaro Hernández Mª Carmen Pérez-Rubio Dynamic Adjustment of Weighted GCC-PHAT for Position Estimation in an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System
description	Ultrasonic local positioning systems (ULPS) have been brought to the attention of researchers as one of the possibilities that can be used for indoor localization. Acoustic systems combine a suitable trade-off between precision, ease of development, and cost. This work proposes a method for measuring the time of arrival of encoded emissions from a set of ultrasonic beacons, which are used to implement an accurate ULPS. This method uses the generalized cross-correlation technique with PHAT filter and weighting factor <i>β</i> (GCC-PHAT-<i>β</i>). To improve the performance of the GCC-PHAT-<i>β</i> in encoded emission detection, the employment is proposed of mixed-medium multiple-access techniques, based on code division and time division multiplexing of beacon emissions (CDMA and TDMA respectively), and to dynamically adjust the PHAT filter weighting factor. The receiver position is obtained by hyperbolic multilateration from the time differences of arrival (TDoA) between a reference beacon and the rest, thus avoiding the need for receiver synchronization. The results show how the dynamic adaptation of the weighting factor significantly reduces positioning errors from 20 cm to 2 cm in 80% of measurements. The simulated and real experiments prove that the proposed algorithms improve the performance of the ULPS in situations with lower signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) than 0 dB and in environments where the multipath effect makes it difficult to correctly detect the encoded ultrasonic emissions.
format	article
author	José Manuel Villadangos Jesús Ureña Juan Jesús García-Domínguez Ana Jiménez-Martín Álvaro Hernández Mª Carmen Pérez-Rubio
author_facet	José Manuel Villadangos Jesús Ureña Juan Jesús García-Domínguez Ana Jiménez-Martín Álvaro Hernández Mª Carmen Pérez-Rubio
author_sort	José Manuel Villadangos
title	Dynamic Adjustment of Weighted GCC-PHAT for Position Estimation in an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System
title_short	Dynamic Adjustment of Weighted GCC-PHAT for Position Estimation in an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System
title_full	Dynamic Adjustment of Weighted GCC-PHAT for Position Estimation in an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System
title_fullStr	Dynamic Adjustment of Weighted GCC-PHAT for Position Estimation in an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System
title_full_unstemmed	Dynamic Adjustment of Weighted GCC-PHAT for Position Estimation in an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System
title_sort	dynamic adjustment of weighted gcc-phat for position estimation in an ultrasonic local positioning system
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d943a6f2d46b484cb0d80c8d118307e5
work_keys_str_mv	AT josemanuelvilladangos dynamicadjustmentofweightedgccphatforpositionestimationinanultrasoniclocalpositioningsystem AT jesusurena dynamicadjustmentofweightedgccphatforpositionestimationinanultrasoniclocalpositioningsystem AT juanjesusgarciadominguez dynamicadjustmentofweightedgccphatforpositionestimationinanultrasoniclocalpositioningsystem AT anajimenezmartin dynamicadjustmentofweightedgccphatforpositionestimationinanultrasoniclocalpositioningsystem AT alvarohernandez dynamicadjustmentofweightedgccphatforpositionestimationinanultrasoniclocalpositioningsystem AT macarmenperezrubio dynamicadjustmentofweightedgccphatforpositionestimationinanultrasoniclocalpositioningsystem
_version_	1718431674499334144

Dynamic Adjustment of Weighted GCC-PHAT for Position Estimation in an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System

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