SuperSour: A New Strategy for Breeding Superior Citrus Rootstocks

Citrus crops have a long history of cultivation as grafted trees on selected rootstock cultivars, but all current rootstocks have significant limitations and traditional methods of rootstock breeding take at least 2–3 decades to develop and field test new rootstocks. Citrus production in the United...

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Autores principales:	Kim D. Bowman, Greg McCollum, Ute Albrecht
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	fruit yield genetic mapping citrus rootstock breeding strategy huanglongbing disease Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d95013ef2ee74d4d8e87761236afcf4f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d95013ef2ee74d4d8e87761236afcf4f2021-11-04T08:37:03ZSuperSour: A New Strategy for Breeding Superior Citrus Rootstocks1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.741009https://doaj.org/article/d95013ef2ee74d4d8e87761236afcf4f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.741009/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XCitrus crops have a long history of cultivation as grafted trees on selected rootstock cultivars, but all current rootstocks have significant limitations and traditional methods of rootstock breeding take at least 2–3 decades to develop and field test new rootstocks. Citrus production in the United States, and other parts of the world, is impaired by a wide range of biotic and abiotic problems, with especially severe damage caused by the disease huanglongbing (HLB) associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. All major commercial citrus scion cultivars are damaged by HLB, but tree tolerance is significantly improved by some rootstocks. To overcome these challenges, the USDA citrus breeding program has implemented a multi-pronged strategy for rootstock breeding that expands the diversity of germplasm utilized in rootstock breeding, significantly increases the number of new hybrids evaluated concurrently, and greatly reduces the time from cross to potential cultivar release. We describe the key components and methodologies of this new strategy, termed “SuperSour,” along with reference to the historical favorite rootstock sour orange (Citrus aurantium), and previous methods employed in citrus rootstock breeding. Rootstock propagation by cuttings and tissue culture is one key to the new strategy, and by avoiding the need for nucellar seeds, eliminates the 6- to 15-year delay in testing while waiting for new hybrids to fruit. In addition, avoiding selection of parents and progeny based on nucellar polyembryony vastly expands the potential genepool for use in rootstock improvement. Fifteen new field trials with more than 350 new hybrid rootstocks have been established under the SuperSour strategy in the last 8 years. Detailed multi-year performance data from the trials will be used to identify superior rootstocks for commercial release, and to map important traits and develop molecular markers for the next generation of rootstock development. Results from two of these multi-year replicated field trials with sweet orange scion are presented to illustrate performance of 97 new hybrid rootstocks relative to four commercial rootstocks. Through the first 7 years in the field with endemic HLB, many of the new SuperSour hybrid rootstocks exhibit greatly superior fruit yield, yield efficiency, canopy health, and fruit quality, as compared with the standard rootstocks included in the trials.Kim D. BowmanGreg McCollumUte AlbrechtFrontiers Media S.A.articlefruit yieldgenetic mappingcitrus rootstockbreeding strategyhuanglongbing diseasePlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fruit yield genetic mapping citrus rootstock breeding strategy huanglongbing disease Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	fruit yield genetic mapping citrus rootstock breeding strategy huanglongbing disease Plant culture SB1-1110 Kim D. Bowman Greg McCollum Ute Albrecht SuperSour: A New Strategy for Breeding Superior Citrus Rootstocks
description	Citrus crops have a long history of cultivation as grafted trees on selected rootstock cultivars, but all current rootstocks have significant limitations and traditional methods of rootstock breeding take at least 2–3 decades to develop and field test new rootstocks. Citrus production in the United States, and other parts of the world, is impaired by a wide range of biotic and abiotic problems, with especially severe damage caused by the disease huanglongbing (HLB) associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. All major commercial citrus scion cultivars are damaged by HLB, but tree tolerance is significantly improved by some rootstocks. To overcome these challenges, the USDA citrus breeding program has implemented a multi-pronged strategy for rootstock breeding that expands the diversity of germplasm utilized in rootstock breeding, significantly increases the number of new hybrids evaluated concurrently, and greatly reduces the time from cross to potential cultivar release. We describe the key components and methodologies of this new strategy, termed “SuperSour,” along with reference to the historical favorite rootstock sour orange (Citrus aurantium), and previous methods employed in citrus rootstock breeding. Rootstock propagation by cuttings and tissue culture is one key to the new strategy, and by avoiding the need for nucellar seeds, eliminates the 6- to 15-year delay in testing while waiting for new hybrids to fruit. In addition, avoiding selection of parents and progeny based on nucellar polyembryony vastly expands the potential genepool for use in rootstock improvement. Fifteen new field trials with more than 350 new hybrid rootstocks have been established under the SuperSour strategy in the last 8 years. Detailed multi-year performance data from the trials will be used to identify superior rootstocks for commercial release, and to map important traits and develop molecular markers for the next generation of rootstock development. Results from two of these multi-year replicated field trials with sweet orange scion are presented to illustrate performance of 97 new hybrid rootstocks relative to four commercial rootstocks. Through the first 7 years in the field with endemic HLB, many of the new SuperSour hybrid rootstocks exhibit greatly superior fruit yield, yield efficiency, canopy health, and fruit quality, as compared with the standard rootstocks included in the trials.
format	article
author	Kim D. Bowman Greg McCollum Ute Albrecht
author_facet	Kim D. Bowman Greg McCollum Ute Albrecht
author_sort	Kim D. Bowman
title	SuperSour: A New Strategy for Breeding Superior Citrus Rootstocks
title_short	SuperSour: A New Strategy for Breeding Superior Citrus Rootstocks
title_full	SuperSour: A New Strategy for Breeding Superior Citrus Rootstocks
title_fullStr	SuperSour: A New Strategy for Breeding Superior Citrus Rootstocks
title_full_unstemmed	SuperSour: A New Strategy for Breeding Superior Citrus Rootstocks
title_sort	supersour: a new strategy for breeding superior citrus rootstocks
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d95013ef2ee74d4d8e87761236afcf4f
work_keys_str_mv	AT kimdbowman supersouranewstrategyforbreedingsuperiorcitrusrootstocks AT gregmccollum supersouranewstrategyforbreedingsuperiorcitrusrootstocks AT utealbrecht supersouranewstrategyforbreedingsuperiorcitrusrootstocks
_version_	1718445052713238528

SuperSour: A New Strategy for Breeding Superior Citrus Rootstocks

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