Nanopharmaceuticals (Au-NPs) after use: Experiences with a complex higher tier test design simulating environmental fate and effect

The current environmental hazard assessment is based on the testing of the pristine substance. However, it cannot be excluded that (nano)pharmaceuticals are excreted into sewage during the use phase followed by entry into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Sorption to sewage sludge or release via...

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Autores principales:	Kerstin Hund-Rinke, Cecilia Diaz, Anne Jurack, Judith Klein, Burkhard Knopf, Karsten Schlich, María Luisa Fernández-Cruz, David Hernández-Moreno, Nicolas Manier, Pascal Pandard, Susana I.L. Gomes, Bruno Guimarães, Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand, Mónica J.B. Amorim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Advanced material Nanopharmaceutical Environmental hazard assessment Environmental risk Au nanoparticle Realistic exposure scenario Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d958f1227bab4b7dbdff2b6517d7ebb1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d958f1227bab4b7dbdff2b6517d7ebb12021-11-06T04:19:15ZNanopharmaceuticals (Au-NPs) after use: Experiences with a complex higher tier test design simulating environmental fate and effect0147-651310.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112949https://doaj.org/article/d958f1227bab4b7dbdff2b6517d7ebb12021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321010617https://doaj.org/toc/0147-6513The current environmental hazard assessment is based on the testing of the pristine substance. However, it cannot be excluded that (nano)pharmaceuticals are excreted into sewage during the use phase followed by entry into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Sorption to sewage sludge or release via effluent can result in modified ecotoxicological effects which possibly can only be detected with a modified test approach. The objective of our study was to investigate a realistic exposure scenario for metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in pharmaceutical products, excreted into effluent, and released into the environment after treatment in WWTPs. The test approach was illustrated by using gold (Au) NPs. Effluent from model WWTPs were investigated in aquatic tests (Daphnia magna, fish cell lines). Sewage sludge was used as a sole food source (Eisenia fetida) or mixed with soil and used as test medium (soil microorganisms, Folsomia candida, Enchytraeus crypticus). To cover the aspect of regulation, the test systems described in OECD-test guidelines (OECD TG 201, 211, 220, 232, 249, 317) were applied. Modifications and additional test approaches were included to meet the needs arising out of the testing of nanomaterials and of the exposure scenarios. The results were assessed regarding the suitability of the test design and the toxicity of Au-NPs. Except for activated sludge as a sole food source for E.fetida, the selected test approach is suitable for the testing of nanomaterials. Additional information can be gained when compared to the common testing of the pristine nanomaterials in the standardized test systems. Effects of Au-NPs were observed in concentrations exceeding the modeled environmental.Kerstin Hund-RinkeCecilia DiazAnne JurackJudith KleinBurkhard KnopfKarsten SchlichMaría Luisa Fernández-CruzDavid Hernández-MorenoNicolas ManierPascal PandardSusana I.L. GomesBruno GuimarãesJaneck J. Scott-FordsmandMónica J.B. AmorimElsevierarticleAdvanced materialNanopharmaceuticalEnvironmental hazard assessmentEnvironmental riskAu nanoparticleRealistic exposure scenarioEnvironmental pollutionTD172-193.5Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 227, Iss , Pp 112949- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Advanced material Nanopharmaceutical Environmental hazard assessment Environmental risk Au nanoparticle Realistic exposure scenario Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Advanced material Nanopharmaceutical Environmental hazard assessment Environmental risk Au nanoparticle Realistic exposure scenario Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Kerstin Hund-Rinke Cecilia Diaz Anne Jurack Judith Klein Burkhard Knopf Karsten Schlich María Luisa Fernández-Cruz David Hernández-Moreno Nicolas Manier Pascal Pandard Susana I.L. Gomes Bruno Guimarães Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand Mónica J.B. Amorim Nanopharmaceuticals (Au-NPs) after use: Experiences with a complex higher tier test design simulating environmental fate and effect
description	The current environmental hazard assessment is based on the testing of the pristine substance. However, it cannot be excluded that (nano)pharmaceuticals are excreted into sewage during the use phase followed by entry into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Sorption to sewage sludge or release via effluent can result in modified ecotoxicological effects which possibly can only be detected with a modified test approach. The objective of our study was to investigate a realistic exposure scenario for metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in pharmaceutical products, excreted into effluent, and released into the environment after treatment in WWTPs. The test approach was illustrated by using gold (Au) NPs. Effluent from model WWTPs were investigated in aquatic tests (Daphnia magna, fish cell lines). Sewage sludge was used as a sole food source (Eisenia fetida) or mixed with soil and used as test medium (soil microorganisms, Folsomia candida, Enchytraeus crypticus). To cover the aspect of regulation, the test systems described in OECD-test guidelines (OECD TG 201, 211, 220, 232, 249, 317) were applied. Modifications and additional test approaches were included to meet the needs arising out of the testing of nanomaterials and of the exposure scenarios. The results were assessed regarding the suitability of the test design and the toxicity of Au-NPs. Except for activated sludge as a sole food source for E.fetida, the selected test approach is suitable for the testing of nanomaterials. Additional information can be gained when compared to the common testing of the pristine nanomaterials in the standardized test systems. Effects of Au-NPs were observed in concentrations exceeding the modeled environmental.
format	article
author	Kerstin Hund-Rinke Cecilia Diaz Anne Jurack Judith Klein Burkhard Knopf Karsten Schlich María Luisa Fernández-Cruz David Hernández-Moreno Nicolas Manier Pascal Pandard Susana I.L. Gomes Bruno Guimarães Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand Mónica J.B. Amorim
author_facet	Kerstin Hund-Rinke Cecilia Diaz Anne Jurack Judith Klein Burkhard Knopf Karsten Schlich María Luisa Fernández-Cruz David Hernández-Moreno Nicolas Manier Pascal Pandard Susana I.L. Gomes Bruno Guimarães Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand Mónica J.B. Amorim
author_sort	Kerstin Hund-Rinke
title	Nanopharmaceuticals (Au-NPs) after use: Experiences with a complex higher tier test design simulating environmental fate and effect
title_short	Nanopharmaceuticals (Au-NPs) after use: Experiences with a complex higher tier test design simulating environmental fate and effect
title_full	Nanopharmaceuticals (Au-NPs) after use: Experiences with a complex higher tier test design simulating environmental fate and effect
title_fullStr	Nanopharmaceuticals (Au-NPs) after use: Experiences with a complex higher tier test design simulating environmental fate and effect
title_full_unstemmed	Nanopharmaceuticals (Au-NPs) after use: Experiences with a complex higher tier test design simulating environmental fate and effect
title_sort	nanopharmaceuticals (au-nps) after use: experiences with a complex higher tier test design simulating environmental fate and effect
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d958f1227bab4b7dbdff2b6517d7ebb1
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Nanopharmaceuticals (Au-NPs) after use: Experiences with a complex higher tier test design simulating environmental fate and effect

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