Prediction of Steam Burns Severity using Raman Spectroscopy on ex vivo Porcine Skin

Abstract Skin burns due to accidental exposure to hot steam have often been reported to be more severe than the ones occurring from dry heat. While skin burns due to flames or radiant heat have been thoroughly characterized, the mechanisms leading to steam burns are not well understood and a conundr...

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Autores principales:	Lina Zhai, Christian Adlhart, Fabrizio Spano, Riccardo Innocenti Malini, Agnieszka K. Piątek, Jun Li, René M. Rossi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d962a4a4c8784eec8f5faf171116a9d2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d962a4a4c8784eec8f5faf171116a9d22021-12-02T15:09:05ZPrediction of Steam Burns Severity using Raman Spectroscopy on ex vivo Porcine Skin10.1038/s41598-018-24647-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d962a4a4c8784eec8f5faf171116a9d22018-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24647-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Skin burns due to accidental exposure to hot steam have often been reported to be more severe than the ones occurring from dry heat. While skin burns due to flames or radiant heat have been thoroughly characterized, the mechanisms leading to steam burns are not well understood and a conundrum still exists: can second degree burns occur without destruction of the epidermis, i.e. even before first degree burns are detected? Skin permeability is dependent both on temperature and on the kinetic energy of incoming water molecules. To investigate the mechanism underlying the injuries related to steam exposure, we used porcine skin as an ex vivo model. This model was exposed to either steam or dry heat before measuring the skin hydration via confocal Raman microspectroscopy. The results show that during the first minute of exposure to steam, the water content in both the epidermis and dermis increases. By analyzing different mechanisms of steam diffusion through the multiple skin layers, as well as the moisture-assisted bio-heat transfer, we provide a novel model explaining why steam burns can be more severe, and why steam can penetrate deeper and much faster than an equivalent dry heat.Lina ZhaiChristian AdlhartFabrizio SpanoRiccardo Innocenti MaliniAgnieszka K. PiątekJun LiRené M. RossiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lina Zhai Christian Adlhart Fabrizio Spano Riccardo Innocenti Malini Agnieszka K. Piątek Jun Li René M. Rossi Prediction of Steam Burns Severity using Raman Spectroscopy on ex vivo Porcine Skin
description	Abstract Skin burns due to accidental exposure to hot steam have often been reported to be more severe than the ones occurring from dry heat. While skin burns due to flames or radiant heat have been thoroughly characterized, the mechanisms leading to steam burns are not well understood and a conundrum still exists: can second degree burns occur without destruction of the epidermis, i.e. even before first degree burns are detected? Skin permeability is dependent both on temperature and on the kinetic energy of incoming water molecules. To investigate the mechanism underlying the injuries related to steam exposure, we used porcine skin as an ex vivo model. This model was exposed to either steam or dry heat before measuring the skin hydration via confocal Raman microspectroscopy. The results show that during the first minute of exposure to steam, the water content in both the epidermis and dermis increases. By analyzing different mechanisms of steam diffusion through the multiple skin layers, as well as the moisture-assisted bio-heat transfer, we provide a novel model explaining why steam burns can be more severe, and why steam can penetrate deeper and much faster than an equivalent dry heat.
format	article
author	Lina Zhai Christian Adlhart Fabrizio Spano Riccardo Innocenti Malini Agnieszka K. Piątek Jun Li René M. Rossi
author_facet	Lina Zhai Christian Adlhart Fabrizio Spano Riccardo Innocenti Malini Agnieszka K. Piątek Jun Li René M. Rossi
author_sort	Lina Zhai
title	Prediction of Steam Burns Severity using Raman Spectroscopy on ex vivo Porcine Skin
title_short	Prediction of Steam Burns Severity using Raman Spectroscopy on ex vivo Porcine Skin
title_full	Prediction of Steam Burns Severity using Raman Spectroscopy on ex vivo Porcine Skin
title_fullStr	Prediction of Steam Burns Severity using Raman Spectroscopy on ex vivo Porcine Skin
title_full_unstemmed	Prediction of Steam Burns Severity using Raman Spectroscopy on ex vivo Porcine Skin
title_sort	prediction of steam burns severity using raman spectroscopy on ex vivo porcine skin
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/d962a4a4c8784eec8f5faf171116a9d2
work_keys_str_mv	AT linazhai predictionofsteamburnsseverityusingramanspectroscopyonexvivoporcineskin AT christianadlhart predictionofsteamburnsseverityusingramanspectroscopyonexvivoporcineskin AT fabriziospano predictionofsteamburnsseverityusingramanspectroscopyonexvivoporcineskin AT riccardoinnocentimalini predictionofsteamburnsseverityusingramanspectroscopyonexvivoporcineskin AT agnieszkakpiatek predictionofsteamburnsseverityusingramanspectroscopyonexvivoporcineskin AT junli predictionofsteamburnsseverityusingramanspectroscopyonexvivoporcineskin AT renemrossi predictionofsteamburnsseverityusingramanspectroscopyonexvivoporcineskin
_version_	1718387969121845248

Prediction of Steam Burns Severity using Raman Spectroscopy on ex vivo Porcine Skin

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