Hybrids of amphibian chytrid show high virulence in native hosts

Abstract Hybridization of parasites can generate new genotypes with high virulence. The fungal amphibian parasite Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) hybridizes in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, a biodiversity hotspot where amphibian declines have been linked to Bd, but the virulence of hybrid genotypes...

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Autores principales:	S. E. Greenspan, C. Lambertini, T. Carvalho, T. Y. James, L. F. Toledo, C. F. B. Haddad, C. G. Becker
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d963f4318ee94d1ba04af254d61b0a4d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d963f4318ee94d1ba04af254d61b0a4d2021-12-02T15:09:02ZHybrids of amphibian chytrid show high virulence in native hosts10.1038/s41598-018-27828-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d963f4318ee94d1ba04af254d61b0a4d2018-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27828-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Hybridization of parasites can generate new genotypes with high virulence. The fungal amphibian parasite Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) hybridizes in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, a biodiversity hotspot where amphibian declines have been linked to Bd, but the virulence of hybrid genotypes in native hosts has never been tested. We compared the virulence (measured as host mortality and infection burden) of hybrid Bd genotypes to the parental lineages, the putatively hypovirulent lineage Bd-Brazil and the hypervirulent Global Pandemic Lineage (Bd-GPL), in a panel of native Brazilian hosts. In Brachycephalus ephippium, the hybrid exceeded the virulence (host mortality) of both parents, suggesting that novelty arising from hybridization of Bd is a conservation concern. In Ischnocnema parva, host mortality in the hybrid treatment was intermediate between the parent treatments, suggesting that this species is more vulnerable to the aggressive phenotypes associated with Bd-GPL. Dendropsophus minutus showed low overall mortality, but infection burdens were higher in frogs treated with hybrid and Bd-GPL genotypes than with Bd-Brazil genotypes. Our experiment suggests that Bd hybrids have the potential to increase disease risk in native hosts. Continued surveillance is needed to track potential spread of hybrid genotypes and detect future genomic shifts in this dynamic disease system.S. E. GreenspanC. LambertiniT. CarvalhoT. Y. JamesL. F. ToledoC. F. B. HaddadC. G. BeckerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q S. E. Greenspan C. Lambertini T. Carvalho T. Y. James L. F. Toledo C. F. B. Haddad C. G. Becker Hybrids of amphibian chytrid show high virulence in native hosts
description	Abstract Hybridization of parasites can generate new genotypes with high virulence. The fungal amphibian parasite Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) hybridizes in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, a biodiversity hotspot where amphibian declines have been linked to Bd, but the virulence of hybrid genotypes in native hosts has never been tested. We compared the virulence (measured as host mortality and infection burden) of hybrid Bd genotypes to the parental lineages, the putatively hypovirulent lineage Bd-Brazil and the hypervirulent Global Pandemic Lineage (Bd-GPL), in a panel of native Brazilian hosts. In Brachycephalus ephippium, the hybrid exceeded the virulence (host mortality) of both parents, suggesting that novelty arising from hybridization of Bd is a conservation concern. In Ischnocnema parva, host mortality in the hybrid treatment was intermediate between the parent treatments, suggesting that this species is more vulnerable to the aggressive phenotypes associated with Bd-GPL. Dendropsophus minutus showed low overall mortality, but infection burdens were higher in frogs treated with hybrid and Bd-GPL genotypes than with Bd-Brazil genotypes. Our experiment suggests that Bd hybrids have the potential to increase disease risk in native hosts. Continued surveillance is needed to track potential spread of hybrid genotypes and detect future genomic shifts in this dynamic disease system.
format	article
author	S. E. Greenspan C. Lambertini T. Carvalho T. Y. James L. F. Toledo C. F. B. Haddad C. G. Becker
author_facet	S. E. Greenspan C. Lambertini T. Carvalho T. Y. James L. F. Toledo C. F. B. Haddad C. G. Becker
author_sort	S. E. Greenspan
title	Hybrids of amphibian chytrid show high virulence in native hosts
title_short	Hybrids of amphibian chytrid show high virulence in native hosts
title_full	Hybrids of amphibian chytrid show high virulence in native hosts
title_fullStr	Hybrids of amphibian chytrid show high virulence in native hosts
title_full_unstemmed	Hybrids of amphibian chytrid show high virulence in native hosts
title_sort	hybrids of amphibian chytrid show high virulence in native hosts
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/d963f4318ee94d1ba04af254d61b0a4d
work_keys_str_mv	AT segreenspan hybridsofamphibianchytridshowhighvirulenceinnativehosts AT clambertini hybridsofamphibianchytridshowhighvirulenceinnativehosts AT tcarvalho hybridsofamphibianchytridshowhighvirulenceinnativehosts AT tyjames hybridsofamphibianchytridshowhighvirulenceinnativehosts AT lftoledo hybridsofamphibianchytridshowhighvirulenceinnativehosts AT cfbhaddad hybridsofamphibianchytridshowhighvirulenceinnativehosts AT cgbecker hybridsofamphibianchytridshowhighvirulenceinnativehosts
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Hybrids of amphibian chytrid show high virulence in native hosts

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