Origin of clay minerals in Early Eocene volcanic paleosols on King George Island, Maritime Antarctica

Abstract The paleoclimate during the Early Eocene in Maritime Antarctica is characterized by cool conditions without a pronounced dry season. Soils formed on volcanic material under such climate conditions in modern analogue environments are usually Andosols rich in nanocrystalline minerals without...

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Autores principales:	Diogo Noses Spinola, Teresa Pi-Puig, Elizabeth Solleiro-Rebolledo, Markus Egli, Masafumi Sudo, Sergey Sedov, Peter Kühn
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d96c42b4384d42709812875a1a65e090
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d96c42b4384d42709812875a1a65e0902021-12-02T12:32:49ZOrigin of clay minerals in Early Eocene volcanic paleosols on King George Island, Maritime Antarctica10.1038/s41598-017-06617-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d96c42b4384d42709812875a1a65e0902017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06617-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The paleoclimate during the Early Eocene in Maritime Antarctica is characterized by cool conditions without a pronounced dry season. Soils formed on volcanic material under such climate conditions in modern analogue environments are usually Andosols rich in nanocrystalline minerals without pedogenic smectite. The paleosols formed on volcanic material on King Georges Island are covered by basalts, dated by 6 new 40Ar/39Ar datings to 51–48 Ma, and are rich in smectite. A pedogenic origin of the smectites would suggest a semi-arid rather than a wet non-seasonal humid paleoclimate. To investigate the origin of the smectites in these paleosols we used X-ray diffraction and microscopic techniques. Minor mineralogical changes between the volcanic parent material and the paleosols and a homogenous distribution of smectites throughout the paleosol horizons indicate that these smectites were mainly inherited from the pyroclastic parent material, which was altered prior to surficial weathering. Nevertheless, the mineralogical properties, such as degree of crystallinity and octahedral site occupancy, of these smectites were modified during the ancient soil formation. Our findings highlight that trioctahedral smectites were a product of deuteric alteration of pyroclastic rocks and were progressively transformed to dioctahedral smectites during weathering in a soil environment on King George Island.Diogo Noses SpinolaTeresa Pi-PuigElizabeth Solleiro-RebolledoMarkus EgliMasafumi SudoSergey SedovPeter KühnNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Diogo Noses Spinola Teresa Pi-Puig Elizabeth Solleiro-Rebolledo Markus Egli Masafumi Sudo Sergey Sedov Peter Kühn Origin of clay minerals in Early Eocene volcanic paleosols on King George Island, Maritime Antarctica
description	Abstract The paleoclimate during the Early Eocene in Maritime Antarctica is characterized by cool conditions without a pronounced dry season. Soils formed on volcanic material under such climate conditions in modern analogue environments are usually Andosols rich in nanocrystalline minerals without pedogenic smectite. The paleosols formed on volcanic material on King Georges Island are covered by basalts, dated by 6 new 40Ar/39Ar datings to 51–48 Ma, and are rich in smectite. A pedogenic origin of the smectites would suggest a semi-arid rather than a wet non-seasonal humid paleoclimate. To investigate the origin of the smectites in these paleosols we used X-ray diffraction and microscopic techniques. Minor mineralogical changes between the volcanic parent material and the paleosols and a homogenous distribution of smectites throughout the paleosol horizons indicate that these smectites were mainly inherited from the pyroclastic parent material, which was altered prior to surficial weathering. Nevertheless, the mineralogical properties, such as degree of crystallinity and octahedral site occupancy, of these smectites were modified during the ancient soil formation. Our findings highlight that trioctahedral smectites were a product of deuteric alteration of pyroclastic rocks and were progressively transformed to dioctahedral smectites during weathering in a soil environment on King George Island.
format	article
author	Diogo Noses Spinola Teresa Pi-Puig Elizabeth Solleiro-Rebolledo Markus Egli Masafumi Sudo Sergey Sedov Peter Kühn
author_facet	Diogo Noses Spinola Teresa Pi-Puig Elizabeth Solleiro-Rebolledo Markus Egli Masafumi Sudo Sergey Sedov Peter Kühn
author_sort	Diogo Noses Spinola
title	Origin of clay minerals in Early Eocene volcanic paleosols on King George Island, Maritime Antarctica
title_short	Origin of clay minerals in Early Eocene volcanic paleosols on King George Island, Maritime Antarctica
title_full	Origin of clay minerals in Early Eocene volcanic paleosols on King George Island, Maritime Antarctica
title_fullStr	Origin of clay minerals in Early Eocene volcanic paleosols on King George Island, Maritime Antarctica
title_full_unstemmed	Origin of clay minerals in Early Eocene volcanic paleosols on King George Island, Maritime Antarctica
title_sort	origin of clay minerals in early eocene volcanic paleosols on king george island, maritime antarctica
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/d96c42b4384d42709812875a1a65e090
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Origin of clay minerals in Early Eocene volcanic paleosols on King George Island, Maritime Antarctica

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