Alarms, alerts, and warnings in air traffic control: An analysis of reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System

Signals (alarms, alerts, and warnings) are essential for alerting air traffic controllers to potential collisions and other adverse events. Excessive or misleading signals can increase response times and decrease their response rates. We used reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System and str...

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Autores principales:	Keith J Ruskin, Chase Corvin, Stephen Rice, Grace Richards, Scott R. Winter, Anna Clebone Ruskin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Alarms Alerts Warnings Signals Automation Air traffic control Transportation and communications HE1-9990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d97a9ce1a6f444b397ddb15e1d4066cd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d97a9ce1a6f444b397ddb15e1d4066cd2021-11-22T04:29:43ZAlarms, alerts, and warnings in air traffic control: An analysis of reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System2590-198210.1016/j.trip.2021.100502https://doaj.org/article/d97a9ce1a6f444b397ddb15e1d4066cd2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590198221002074https://doaj.org/toc/2590-1982Signals (alarms, alerts, and warnings) are essential for alerting air traffic controllers to potential collisions and other adverse events. Excessive or misleading signals can increase response times and decrease their response rates. We used reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System and structured interviews to understand the complexity of the controller’s tasks in the context of potentially high-consequence situations and events, and to develop design strategies to enhance the effectiveness of signals in the ATC environment. Methods: We reviewed ASRS reports over a 6-year interval from 2015 to 2020, searching for reports that mentioned alarm, alert, or warning and were submitted by air traffic controllers. We found 370 relevant reports that we analyzed for hits, misses, false alarms, and correct rejections. Structured interviews with former controllers further explored the role of signals in air traffic control. Results: The most common signals in reports were MSAW (139), ASDE-X and ASSC (27), CA (195), and AMASS (4). ASDE-X, ASSC, or AMASS were mentioned in 30 reports by ground or local controllers. TRACON controllers reported events involving MSAW 70 times and CA 51 times; these were also implicated by local controllers. CA was most mentioned, cited a total of 195 times in the reports. Conclusions: This information may help us to develop strategies that can enhance signaling modality (e.g., new auditory, visual, and tactile signals). Trust in automation may be improved by using strategies such as indicating the automation’s level of confidence in situations like impending loss of separation.Keith J RuskinChase CorvinStephen RiceGrace RichardsScott R. WinterAnna Clebone RuskinElsevierarticleAlarmsAlertsWarningsSignalsAutomationAir traffic controlTransportation and communicationsHE1-9990ENTransportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Vol 12, Iss , Pp 100502- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Alarms Alerts Warnings Signals Automation Air traffic control Transportation and communications HE1-9990
spellingShingle	Alarms Alerts Warnings Signals Automation Air traffic control Transportation and communications HE1-9990 Keith J Ruskin Chase Corvin Stephen Rice Grace Richards Scott R. Winter Anna Clebone Ruskin Alarms, alerts, and warnings in air traffic control: An analysis of reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System
description	Signals (alarms, alerts, and warnings) are essential for alerting air traffic controllers to potential collisions and other adverse events. Excessive or misleading signals can increase response times and decrease their response rates. We used reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System and structured interviews to understand the complexity of the controller’s tasks in the context of potentially high-consequence situations and events, and to develop design strategies to enhance the effectiveness of signals in the ATC environment. Methods: We reviewed ASRS reports over a 6-year interval from 2015 to 2020, searching for reports that mentioned alarm, alert, or warning and were submitted by air traffic controllers. We found 370 relevant reports that we analyzed for hits, misses, false alarms, and correct rejections. Structured interviews with former controllers further explored the role of signals in air traffic control. Results: The most common signals in reports were MSAW (139), ASDE-X and ASSC (27), CA (195), and AMASS (4). ASDE-X, ASSC, or AMASS were mentioned in 30 reports by ground or local controllers. TRACON controllers reported events involving MSAW 70 times and CA 51 times; these were also implicated by local controllers. CA was most mentioned, cited a total of 195 times in the reports. Conclusions: This information may help us to develop strategies that can enhance signaling modality (e.g., new auditory, visual, and tactile signals). Trust in automation may be improved by using strategies such as indicating the automation’s level of confidence in situations like impending loss of separation.
format	article
author	Keith J Ruskin Chase Corvin Stephen Rice Grace Richards Scott R. Winter Anna Clebone Ruskin
author_facet	Keith J Ruskin Chase Corvin Stephen Rice Grace Richards Scott R. Winter Anna Clebone Ruskin
author_sort	Keith J Ruskin
title	Alarms, alerts, and warnings in air traffic control: An analysis of reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System
title_short	Alarms, alerts, and warnings in air traffic control: An analysis of reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System
title_full	Alarms, alerts, and warnings in air traffic control: An analysis of reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System
title_fullStr	Alarms, alerts, and warnings in air traffic control: An analysis of reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System
title_full_unstemmed	Alarms, alerts, and warnings in air traffic control: An analysis of reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System
title_sort	alarms, alerts, and warnings in air traffic control: an analysis of reports from the aviation safety reporting system
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d97a9ce1a6f444b397ddb15e1d4066cd
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Alarms, alerts, and warnings in air traffic control: An analysis of reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System

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